DACTYLOSCOPY

GROUP 6
CLASSIFICATION OF AMPUTATION, MISSING AT BIRTH
AND SCARRED PATTERNS
Amputation- Amputations refer to the loss or removal of a limb or part of a
limb. They can occur due to various reasons such as accidents, injuries,
infections, and medical conditions. Amputations can be classified based on
their level, cause, and extent.

Missing at birth- Another type of amputation is congenital limb deficiency,

where a child is born without one or more limbs. This is also known as a
missing at birth condition. These individuals may use prosthetics to assist
with daily activities.

Scarred patterns- Scarred patterns refer to the marks left on the skin due to
various reasons such as injuries, burns, or surgical procedures. Scars can be
classified based on their size, shape, color, and texture.
FINGERPRINT
TAKING
EQUIPMENTS IN TAKING FINGERPRINTS
 Fingerprint Ink Roller (6" long x 2" in diameter)
 Fingerprint ink
 Cardholder and table (38" to 40" high)
 Glass Slab or inking plate Slab and Roller Cleaner
TYPES OF FINGERPRINTS IMPRESSIONS

FINGERPRINT IMPRESSIONS- fingerprint, impression made by the papillary

ridges on the ends of the fingers and thumbs. Fingerprints afford an infallible
means of personal identification.

 ROLLED IMPRESSION- Rolled impressions are the ten individually-taken

fingerprint images rolled from nail to nail. Fingers should be pressed lightly
on card and roll from side to side (cuticle to cuticle; finger : rolled away and
thumb : rolled toward the center of the body)

 PLAIN IMPRESSION- Plain impressions are taken simultaneously without

rolling. The individual's right and left four fingers should be captured first,
followed by the two thumbs (4-4-2 method).
PROCEDURE IN TAKING FINGERPRINTS
 Cleanliness of equipment/washing of hands before fingerprinting

 The right kind and correct amount of ink

 Proper distribution of ink on the glass slab

 The subject's hands must be relaxed

 Proper distance of the subject from the glass slab/proper alignment

 Even pressure to be applied

 The fingers must be rolled from one side to the other

 The inking and printing must reach the first joint of the finger

 The thumb must be rolled towards the body and the other fingers away from the subject's body

 The subject's fingers must be controlled to prevent twisting

 Speed of the rolling finger

 Check up after fingerprint printed - Check prints if appropriately printed or not in accordance
with the following guidelines:
If printing column are incorrect
Rolling condition, sufficient or not
POrelON PAD METHOD
-use inking pad
- take thousands of fingerprints and are always ready for use.

PRINT MATIC METHOD

-the roller itself bears the ink then rolled over the slab
-Print Matic pre-inked roller successfully combines the advantages of the
Porelon Pad and the ink slab and roller methods of fingerprint taking.
PROBLEMS IN TAKING OF INKED FINGERPRINTS
Over inking is one of the MOST COMMON and easily corrected problems
involved with the taking of fingerprints.
Improper prints have many causes. A well-trained person can identify the
cause of an unacceptable print and take corrective action.

MECHANICAL OPERATION- In order to take good fingerprints, the necessary

equipment should be maintained in a neat and orderly manner at all times. :
Poor impressions are usually caused by
Poor, thin ink / Insufficient inking
Failure to clean the inking apparatus and finger prior to printing
TEMPORARY DISSABILITIES
There are temporary disabilities affecting an individual's hand which are
sometimes beyond the control of the identification officer. These can be fresh
cuts, or wounds, bandaged fingers or finger, occupational issues:
Bricklayers, carpenters, dishwashers
 Try using a small amount of ink.

 Might also try using softening agents (oils/creams).

Excessive perspiration
 Wash hands or wipe with alcohol.
PERMANENT DISSABILITIES
 Another phase involves permanent disabilities which can in most cases be
controlled by the identification officer. These can be lack of fingers (born
without), amputations, crippled fingers (bent, broken), deformities (webbed,
extra fingers), and old age.

POSTMORTEM FINGERPRINT
 Obtaining postmortem fingerprints from a mummified human corpse
represents a challenging task. Mummification alters, often irreversibly,
elasticity of the skin. It dries, hardens, and creases the body surface to a
degree, making it very difficult to employ conventional fingerprinting
techniques.