Technical Terms

Get familiar of the
technical terms used in

research
EN10V-IVa-30
Research is required not just for students and
academics, but for all professionals and
nonprofessionals alike.
The main purpose of research is to inform action, to

prove a theory, and contribute to developing
knowledge in a field or study.Thus, research is
basically important.
It is important to get familiar with the technical terms
used in research because it will help you write your
research paper.Terminology plays an important role in the
understanding of contexts and specialized texts.
Understanding the intricate terminological details of the
technical and scientific contexts helps you as students
comprehend what the main message of the text is, and it
helps specialists to transmit the content more effectively.
Fill in the diagram below with words or phrases that you can associate
with “research”.
“Research?” Research can be defined as “a systematic and scientific
procedure of data collection, compilation, analysis, interpretation, and
implication pertaining to any problem.” It involves the quest for answers
to unsolved problems. Moreover, research methods may be defined as “a
systematic and scientific procedure of data collection, compilation,
analysis, interpretation, and implication pertaining to any problem
(Bajpai, 2011, p.4).”

TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN
TerminologyRESEARCH
plays an important role in the
Understanding the intricate terminological details of
the technical and scientific contexts helps you as
students comprehend what the main message of
the text is, and it helps specialists to transmit the
content more effectively.
RESEARCH
Research Topic is a subject or issue that a

researcher is interested in when conducting
research.
RESEARCH
Introduction presents the background to your
study, introduces your topic and aims, and gives an
overview of the paper. A good introduction will provide a
solid foundation and encourage readers to continue on to
the main parts of your paper—the methods,
results, and discussion.
RESEARCH
Literature Review provides a review of what others
have written or researched on concerning the topic.These are
surveys books, scholarly articles, and any other sources relevant
to a particular issue, area of research, or theory, and by so doing,
provides a description, summary, and critical evaluation of these
works in relation to the research problem being investigated.
RESEARCH
Scope and Delimitations are the sections where
you define the broader parameters and boundaries of
your research. The scope details what your study will
explore, such as the target population, extent, or study
duration. Delimitations are factors and variables not
included in the study.
RESEARCH
Significance of the study is a written statement
that explains why your research was needed; a justification of
the importance of your work and impact it has on your
research field, it's contribution to new knowledge and how
others will benefit from it.
RESEARCH
Methodology explains how the research was

conducted. On this section, specific procedures or
techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze
information about a topic
RESEARCH
Hypothesis is scientific guess for the outcome of

the research, or a statement of the predicted relationship
between two or more variables in a research study; an
educated or calculated guess by the researcher
RESEARCH
Analysis is a method of organizing , sorting, and

scrutinizing data in such a way that research question can
be answered or meaningful inferences can be drawn
RESEARCH
Instrument is the general term that researchers use

for a measurement device such as survey, test,
questionnaire, etc.
RESEARCH
Variables are attributes or characteristics that can have
more than one value, such height or weight; are qualities
or quantities, properties or characteristics of people, things,
or situations that change or vary; basically refers to a person,
place, thing, or phenomenon that you are trying to measure in
some
way.
RESEARCH
Discussion evaluates the results of the study or

research.
RESEARCH
Conclusion provides the summary of the

research.This is where you wrap up your ideas and leave
the reader with a strong final impression.
RESEARCH
References is the lists of all the sources used in the

research.
RESEARCH
Appendix contains other related information such as

graphs, charts, tables and lists.
RESEARCH
Abstract is a short summary of your completed

research. It is intended to describe your work without
going into great detail.It helps readers decide whether or
not to read the entire report.
RESEARCH
Paraphrase is to restate or reword information

from a source; when you state the ideas from another
source in your own words.
RESEARCH
Periodical is a publication published with a fixed

interval such as daily, weekly, monthly or yearly.
RESEARCH
Bibliography a list of books and other source

material that you have used in preparing a research paper.
RESEARCH
Outline presents the list of main ideas that shows

structure of the research paper.
RESEARCH
Summary provides a shorter, more condensed

version of the original.
RESEARCH
Research Resources is a book, article,

magazine, website, encyclopedia that provides
information for a research paper.
RESEARCH
In-text Citation is a brief citation of the source

placed within the body of the paper.
RESEARCH
Cite is to identify the source of information.

RESEARCH
Results (also sometimes called Findings)
section in an empirical research paper describes what
the researcher(s) found when they analyzed their data;
these contain other related information such as graphs,
charts, tables, and lists.
RESEARCH
Cultural mapping refers to a research tool to

holistically understand the cultural assets of a place based
on the local knowledge of the people.
RESEARCH
Interview is a conversational practice where

knowledge is produced through the interaction between
an interviewer and an interviewee or a group of
interviewees.
RESEARCH
Interview Guide summarizes the content that
researchers cover during interviews. At one extreme, it
may provide very minimal directions, leading to “less
structured” interviews that are designed primarily to
explore the participant’s own perspective on the research
topic.
RESEARCH
Survey is a statistical analysis of answers to a poll of

a sample of a population, e.g. to determine opinions, or
knowledge.
Knowing these technical terms
leads you one step closer to a
successful research journey!
Directions: Below are excerpts of a research paper. Unscramble the
letters to form a word/phrase that defines that certain part and
write it on the space provided.
1. Science rap is theoretically conceptualized as a form of
morality or “a reference for oral modes of communication
in which both speaking and listening are treated as
performance. It is a vocal technique that falls between
singing and chanting science concepts.
ODTRUCIONINT
____________________
2.The study revealed that the Grade 10 students have achieved and
performed better in biology when taught with science rap as formative
assessment. Furthermore, there is a significant difference in the academic
performance in biology between the students taught in science rap as
formative assessment and the students taught without the utilization of
science rap as formative assessment.
SGNIDNIF
_________________
3. This study used the quasi-experimental static group
comparison pretest-posttest research design. The design
was used to investigate the effect of the Science Rap as
formative assessment on the academic performance in
Biology of the Grade 10 students.
TH O M E DO GYLO
_________________
4. Science Rap Formative Assessment (SRFA) activities can be
employed in assessing students to help improve academic
performance in Biology. The SRFA also encouraged the students
to participate in the learning process. Thus, the level of
motivation was reflected in their involvement in SFRA activities.
CLUCNO SI O N
___________________
5. Endim, C. (2013). Affiliation and Alienation: Hip-hop, Rap and

Urban Science Education. Journal of curriculum Studies (in
press).
LIO B I BPHYG RA
__________________
6. In view of the findings and conclusions, the teacher
may carefully consider the possibility of utilizing science
rap as formative assessment to attain better achievement in
Biology.
AT I O M M N E D N R C O E
__________________
7. This study examined the effects of the use of Science Rap as
Formative Assessment in Biology. It also tested the significant
difference in the academic performance in biology between those
students taught with the utilization of science rap as formative
assessment and those students who were taught using conventional
methods.
STTCAR BA
____________________
8. Science Rap: A Formative Assessment for Grade 10

Biology Students
EARCH RES TICO P

__________________
Directions: Read the followingstatements very well. Distinguish the terms used in research
that correspond to the statements. Choose your answer from the pool of terms in the box.
Writeyour answer on the space provided.
Interview Guide Reference Plagiarism Methodology Literature

Review Research Title
_____________________ 1. It pertains to the inclusion of question-based or topic based.

This may be used in the form of general questions.
_____________________ 2. It discusses published information in a particular subject
area.
_____________________ 3. It is the part where you indicated the research instrument.
_____________________ 4. It is placed where you remember that it is important to give
credit where it is due. This means you acknowledge the author’s work.
_____________________ 5. It refers to the process of using the information without
giving due credit to the writer.
Get familiar of the
research
EN10V-IVa-30

It is important to get familiar with the technical terms used
in research because it will help you write your research
paper.Terminology plays an important role in the
The main purpose of research is to inform action, to prove a
theory, and contribute to developing knowledge in a field or
study.
Here are 7 significance of research (Zarah 2019).

1.A Tool for Building Knowledge and for
Facilitating Learning
2.Means to Understand Various Issues and
Increase Public Awareness
3.An Aid to Business Success
4.A Way to Prove Lies and to Support Truths
5.Means to Find, Gauge, and Seize Opportunities
6.A Seed to Love Reading, Writing, Analyzing,
and Sharing Valuable Information
7. Nourishment and Exercise for the Mind
Here are some Common Latin and Non-
English Abbreviations used in Research:
A.D. Anno Domini means “In the year of the Lord.”

cf. Confere meaning “compare”, it is used in writing to refer the
reader to other material to make a comparison with the topic
being discussed
c. circa meaning “around, about, roughly and approximately”.
etc. Et cetera means “and so on”.
e.g. exemple gratia means “for example”.
et pass. Et passim meaning “following” is the abbreviation

typically appears after a citation of a single page, suggesting the
reader to look at that page first and then skim the material
following for further discussion
et al. Et alii means “and others”
and abbreviates people in a list.
ib./ibid. Ibidem means “in the same passage or page quoted
above”.
i.e. id est.means “that is more precisely”.

sic. Meaning “thus” and it is used to indicate that
something incorrectly written is intentionally being left as it
was in the original.
Ph.D. Philosophiae Doctor. it can refer to the individual as
a title, or the degree itself.
Directions: Match the descriptions in Column B with the corresponding terms listed in
Column A. Write the letter of your answer on a sheet of paper.
Directions: Search for thirty-one hidden words in this puzzle. Trace the letters vertically,
horizontally, up, down, backward or any other directions. Encircle your answer.
ABSTRACT DISCUSSION
IN-TEXT CITATION QUOTE
A.D. et al. LITERATURE REVIEW
REFERENCES APA etc. METHODOLOGY
RESULTS APPENDIX e.g. MLA sic.
BIBLIOGRAPHY et pas OUTLINE
SOURCES CITE ibid. PARAPHRASE
SUMMARY CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION PERIODICAL TOPIC
DATA INSTRUMENT PLAGIARISM
Get familiar of the
research
EN10V-IVa-30

It is important to get familiar with the technical terms used
in research because it will help you write your research
paper.Terminology plays an important role in the
In the previous lesson, you have learned about research
terminologies. To recall, the research terminologies pertain
to the previous lesson. When coupled with your schema or
background knowledge, technical terms or research
terminologies will come in handy in writing your research
papers.
Now, we are familiar with these technical terms in research.
Let us find out the differences between qualitative and
quantitative methods in research.
These are the major kinds of research methods. Study the

differences of the research methods below. The table shows
the simplest
description of each research method.
Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is expressed in numbers and graphs.
It is used to test or confirm theories and assumptions. This
type of research can be used to establish generalizable facts
about a topic.
Common quantitative methods include experiments,
observations recorded as numbers,
and surveys with closed-ended questions.
Qualitative Research
Qualitative research is expressed in words.
It is used to understand concepts, thoughts or
experiences. This type of research enables you to gather in-
depth insights on topics that are not well understood.
Common qualitative methods include interviews with
open-ended questions, observations described in words,
and literature reviews that explore concepts and
theories.
Quantitative data collection methods
Surveys: List of closed or multiple choice questions that is distributed to a sample (online, in
person, or over the phone).
Experiments: Situation in which different types of variables are controlled and manipulated to
establish cause-and-effect relationships.
Observations: Observing subjects in a natural environment where variables can’t be controlled.
Qualitative data collection methods

Interviews: Asking open-ended questions verbally to respondents.
Focus groups: Discussion among a group of people about a topic to gather opinions that can be
used for further research.
Ethnography: Participating in a community or organization for an extended period of time to
closely observe culture and behavior.
Literature review: Survey of published works by other
authors.
When collecting and analyzing data,
quantitative research deals with numbers and
statistics, while qualitative research deals with
words and meanings.
Both are important for gaining

different kinds of knowledge.
When to use qualitative vs. quantitative research
A rule of thumb for deciding whether to use qualitative or

quantitative data is:
Use quantitative research if you want to confirm or test

something (a theory or hypothesis)
Use qualitative research if you want to

understand something (concepts,
thoughts, experiences)
Quantitative research approach
You survey 300 students at your university and ask them questions such as: “on a scale from
1-5, how satisfied are your with your professors?”
You can perform statistical analysis on the data and draw conclusions such as: “on average
students rated their professors 4.4”.
Qualitative research approach
You conduct in-depth interviews with 15 students and ask them open-ended questions such
as: “How satisfied are you with your studies?”, “What is the most positive aspect of your
study program?” and “What can be done to improve the study program?”
Based on the answers you get you can ask follow-up questions
to clarify things. You transcribe all interviews using
transcription software and try to find commonalities and
patterns.
Quantitative research Qualitative Research
Focuses on testing hypotheses Focuses on exploring ideas &

and theories formulating a theory or
hypothesis
Analyzed through math and Analyzed by summarizing,

statistical analysis categorizing and
interpreting
Mainly expressed in numbers, Mainly expressed in

graphs and tables words
The differences between quantitative and qualitative research

Quantitative research Qualitative Research
Requires many respondents Requires few respondents
Closed (multiple choice) questions Open-ended questions
Key terms: testing, measurement, Key terms: understanding, objectivity,

replicability context,
complexity, subjectivity
The differences between quantitative and qualitative research

papers.
papers.
Directions. Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative by
filling the graphic organizer with the corresponding details of
each research method.
QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE
All of the observations in this activity were qualitative;

that is, you observed a quality about an object (it smelled
good, it was green, etc.). Another type of observation is
quantitative, meaning that it can be described or
measured in concrete numerical terms.
The following observations are quantitative: There are 30

students in my class. I weigh 98 pounds. 1 ate a pound of
potatoes. Determine which of the following statements is
quantitative and which is qualitative.
Write QUANTI if it is quantitative, and QUALI if it is qualitative.
1._____________ The cup had a mass of 454 grams.

2._____________ The temperature outside is 250 C.
3._____________ It is warm outside.
4. _____________ The tree is 30 feet tall.
5._____________ The building has 25 stories.
6. _____________ The building is taller than the tree.

7. _____________ The sidewalk is long.
8. _____________ The sidewalk is 100 meters long.
9. _____________ The race was over quickly.
10. _____________The race was over in 10 minutes.
Directions: Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative by filling the
graphic organizer with the corresponding details of each research method.
Directions: Read the statements below and identify if they are true or false. Write on the blanks before the number TRUE if
the statement is correct and FALSE if it is not.
________ 1. The introduction of the research paper gives an overview of any issues involved with the subject.
________ 2. Statements in the introduction should not be paraphrased, it should be copied word per word. ________
_________ 3. The body of the research paper, use strong evidence from sources—paraphrases, summaries, and quotations that
support the main points
________ 4. The body clearly present the main points of the paper as listed in the thesis.
_______ 5. Highlight background information on the topic needed to understand the direction of the paper is found in the body of the
research.
_______ 6. Conclusion should restate your thesis from the introduction in different words.
________ 7. Use transitions between main points and between examples within the main points
________ 8. The introduction must end with a THESIS statement that tells what the overall paper will focus on.
________ 9. Briefly outline the main points in the paper in the conclusion part.
________10. The conclusion end with a strong clincher statement an appropriate, meaningful final
sentence that ties the whole point of the paper together.
Click here to add a description of the
text, which can be changed in color,
size, and font as needed.

Technical Terms

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Technical Terms

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Get familiar of the

technical terms used in

The main purpose of research is to inform action, to

(Bajpai, 2011, p.4).”

Research Topic is a subject or issue that a

Methodology explains how the research was

Hypothesis is scientific guess for the outcome of

Analysis is a method of organizing , sorting, and

Instrument is the general term that researchers use

Discussion evaluates the results of the study or

Conclusion provides the summary of the

References is the lists of all the sources used in the

Appendix contains other related information such as

Abstract is a short summary of your completed

Paraphrase is to restate or reword information

Periodical is a publication published with a fixed

Bibliography a list of books and other source

Outline presents the list of main ideas that shows

Summary provides a shorter, more condensed

Research Resources is a book, article,

In-text Citation is a brief citation of the source

Cite is to identify the source of information.

Cultural mapping refers to a research tool to

Interview is a conversational practice where

Survey is a statistical analysis of answers to a poll of

5. Endim, C. (2013). Affiliation and Alienation: Hip-hop, Rap and

8. Science Rap: A Formative Assessment for Grade 10

EARCH RES TICO P

Interview Guide Reference Plagiarism Methodology Literature

_____________________ 1. It pertains to the inclusion of question-based or topic based.

The main purpose of research is to inform action, to

Here are 7 significance of research (Zarah 2019).

A.D. Anno Domini means “In the year of the Lord.”

et pass. Et passim meaning “following” is the abbreviation

i.e. id est.means “that is more precisely”.

The main purpose of research is to inform action, to

These are the major kinds of research methods. Study the

Qualitative data collection methods

Both are important for gaining

A rule of thumb for deciding whether to use qualitative or

Use quantitative research if you want to confirm or test

Use qualitative research if you want to

Qualitative research approach

Focuses on testing hypotheses Focuses on exploring ideas &

Analyzed through math and Analyzed by summarizing,

Mainly expressed in numbers, Mainly expressed in

The differences between quantitative and qualitative research

Requires many respondents Requires few respondents

Closed (multiple choice) questions Open-ended questions

Key terms: testing, measurement, Key terms: understanding, objectivity,

The differences between quantitative and qualitative research

All of the observations in this activity were qualitative;

The following observations are quantitative: There are 30

Write QUANTI if it is quantitative, and QUALI if it is qualitative.

1._____________ The cup had a mass of 454 grams.

6. _____________ The building is taller than the tree.

You might also like