FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF PLANT
BREEDING
TO PRESENTAION ON POPULATION
STRUCTURE

PREPARED BY
SHIV SHANKAR LONIYA
ROLL NO:03
CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION
i. Introduction of population structure
ii. Popuation structure of self ollinated crops
iii. Population structure of cross pollinated
crops
iv. Population structure of vehetatively
propagated plants
v. Population structure of syntetic and
composite variety
vi. Breeding populations
POPULATION STRUCTURE
NTRODUCTION
Group of breeding individaual

Population structure refers to the gene carried by population and which it

transfer to its next generation.

Alleles present at each locus and their propotion present each locus is

called as genetic constiution

 Mode of ponnination determined genetic constitution

Self polination leads to homozygosity while cross pollination leads to

heterozygosity
Geneti coposition of diferent crops are presented below

I
SELF POLLINATED CROPS

 Self pollination leads to homozgosity

 Even a heterozygous plant if it is selfed up to 10
generatio it became homozygous by 99.99%
 Genetic constiution became homozygous for each allele
at each locus
 For example:
1. Rice
 It may be AABBccDDee, aabbCCddEE,
 Sister-lines
 Homozygous and homogenous
 2. Wheat
Purelines varieties
 Pure line variety is variety obtained from single

homozygous plant of self pollinated crop.

 It have genetic composition like AABBccDDee and

aabbCCddEE
 Highly homozygous and homogenous

Multiline varieties
 Mxiture of genetically related lines i.e. pure lines but have

different gene for disease resistance

 These are genetically similar for all character like plant

height , day to maturity etc

 For example, AABBccDDeeR1R1 and AABBccDDeeR2R2
 These are homozygous and heterogenous
 CROSS POLLINATED CROPS
 Cross pollination leads to heterozygosity
 Genetic constiution reselts into heterozygous

Normal maize
 Highly heterozygous and heterogenous
 Genentic compositio is AaBbCcDdEe ,PpRrTtSs
 This composotion is for normal maize

Local land races of maize

 Mostly Heterozygous but some time become homozygous

for certain gene due to selection for promising character

 Genetic composition: AaBbCCDdEe, AaBbccDdEe
 Hybrid maize
 Obtained through crosssing between

genetically different parents.

 So these are highly heterozygous and f1 is

homogenous
 The genetic composition is AaBbCcDd
 VEGETATIVELY PROPAGATED
PLANTS
 Such plants are genetically identical and are
heterozygous and homogenous in nature.
 All progeny botained thruogh this method must

have identical geontype as there is no chance of

recombination and hybridization
 Genetic composition of such plant are AaBbCcDd
 CLONE
 Clone is progeny of single plant,
produced by assexual reproduction
 The members of clones keeps the

genetic constsncy
 Highly heterozygous and homogenous
 The genetic composition is AaBbCcDdEe,
 SYNTHETIC VARIETIES
 Variety which is developed by crossing in all
possible combination number of inbred lines that
combine well with each other .
 Synthetic variety consists of several heterozygous

initially. Since the subsequentially the variety is

maintaiend by open pollination some degrrre of
selfing occurs resulting in fixation of some genes
 As result in later generation synthetic variety
consists of several heterozygotes .
 Thus a senthetic variety has a heterogenous

population The genetic composition is

AaBbCcDEe
COMPOSITE VARIETY
 Produced by mixing seed of several phenotypically
outstanding lines possessing similarities for various
characteristics like height seed size, maturity days etc.
 Characteristics
1. Heterozygous and heterogenous
2. Relevant to crosss pollinated species only
3. Large number of parents invoved as compare to
synthetic variety
4. Show more heterosis than synthetic variety
 Genetic composition AaBbCcDdEeFf
SYNTHETIC VARIETY VS COMPOSITE VARIETY

SYNTHETIC VARIETY COMPOSITE VARIETY

Otaine by crossing in all Obtaied mixing the seeds of

combination of number of lines that several phenotypically outstanding
combine well with each other lines it and encouraging open
pollination to produce crosses in all
combination among the lines
4-10 numbers of parents are Many numbers of parents involved.
involved.
It is tested for GCA. Not tested for GCA

It shows less heterosis than hybrid It shows more heterosis than

synthetic.
BREEDING POPULATION

 Based on the genetic composition breeding population are as

follows:

1. Homogenous population

 Genetically similar plants constitute homogenous populations.

 Examples of homogeneous populations are pure lines, inbred lines,
F1 hybrid between two pure line or inbred lines and progeny of a
clone.
 Pure lines and inbred lines generally have narrow adoption.
2. Heterogenous population
 Genetically dissimilar plants constitute
heterogenous populations.
 Examples are land races, mass selected
populations, composites, synthetics and multilines.
 Heterogenous populations have wide adaptability
and stable performance under different
environments.
3. Homozygous population

 Individuals with like alleles at the corresponding loci are know as

homozygous
 Thus non-segregating genotypes constitute homozygous populations.
Examples are pure lines, inbred lines and mass selected populations in self
pollinated plants.
 Thus pure lines and inbred lines are homozygous and homogeneous
 And mass selected varieties of self pollinated crops and multi lines are
homozygous and heterogenous, because they are mixtures of several pure
lines
4.Heterozygous population

 Individuals with unlike alleles at the corresponding loci

are referred to as heterozygous
 Such individuals segregate into various types on selfing
 This includes F1 hybrids, composites and synthetics
 Thus F1 hybrids are heterozygous but homogeneous and
composites and synthetics are heterozygous and
heterogenous population
ANY QUERIES