TOPIC

INFRARED SENSOR

• PREPARED BY: JAVAID MUSA

• PRESENTED TO:
• ENGR. LIABA TANVEER
 TABLE OF CONTENT

•TOPICS
INTRODUCION
WHAT IS IR SENSOR
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
APPLICATION
PROS AND CONS
FUTURE PLAN
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION

• This project and it’s circuit are one of the most basic and popular sensor module.

• In electronics this sensor analogous to human’s Visionary senses which can be used to detect an
obstacle, which is one of it’s common application. In robotics, a group of such modules are used so
that a robot can follow a line pattern.

• Basically sensor is a device that covert physical quantity into electrical signal that can be read by
observer or an instrument.
 WHAT IS AN IR SENSOR

• An IR sensor is an electronic instrument which is used to

sense certain Characteristics of it’s surrounding by either
emitting and/or detecting IR radiation.
• Infrared radiation is the portion of electromagnetic spectrum
having Wavelength longer than visible but smaller than
microwave
• The IR region is roughly from 0.75 um 1000 um
• IR sensor works as a proximity sensor
 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

• IR led keeps transmitting infrared rays up to

some range .

• When some objects comes in the IR Range the

IR wave hits the object and comes back at
some angle

• The photodiode next to IR led detects that IR

rays which got reflected from the object .
 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

• BC547 TRANSISTOR (PINOUT DIAGRAM)

• Basic knowledge of BC547 transistor parameters
• Followings are the key knowledge of BC547:
• BC547 is a bipolar junction transistor (BJT).
• It is kind of an NPN transistor.
• It has three terminals: emitter, collector and base.
• The maximum current gain of bc547 is 110 to 800amp.
• The collector−emitter voltage is 65v.
• The collector-base voltage is 80v.
• The emitter-base voltage is 8v.
 OPERATIONAL STATUS OF BC547
TRANSISTOR
• BC547 has two operation status: forward bias and reverse bias.

• In the status of the forward bias, the current can pass when the collector and emitter are connected.

• While in the status of the reverse bias, it acts as a disconnect switch and current cannot pass.
 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

•2.POWER SUPPLY:
•5 VOLTS- 10 VOLTS’

•3.IR LED :
•Also known as IR transmitter
•it usually made of gallium arsenide or indium gallium arsenide . It looks
like a common led

•4.Photodiode:
•It converts light in to current
•It operates in reverse bias
•On/ off time is very less
 CONTI…….

• 5.LED
• 6.PCB
• 7.Connecting wire
• 8.Resistor:
• 100 ohm
• 5.5 M ohm

• 9.Potentiometer:
• 10k
 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

• The transmitter part of the sensor project is IR led

• And receiver part is Photo diode the output of the receiver

varies depending upon its reception of IR rays.

• This output is fed to the input of BC 547 collector.

• Base is connected to the ground.

• And the output is taken form the emitter of BC 547.

 APPLICATIONS

• Obstacle detector

• In robotics

• Brightness comparison

• Distance measurement
 PROS AND CONS

•ADVANTAGES:
•Low power requirement
•Simple circuitry
•Directed beam
•High noise immunity
•
DISADVANTAGES:
•Line of sight requirement
•Blocked by common objects
•Short range
•Easily affected by physical environment
 FUTURE PLAN

• Research and Development

• Design and Prototyping
• Future Enhancements and Scaling
• Lunching as product
 CONCLUSION

• There are five basic elements used in a typical infrared detection system: an infrared source, a
transmission medium, optical component, infrared detectors or receivers and signal processing.
Infrared lasers and Infrared LED’s of specific wavelength can be used as infrared sources. The three
main types of media used for infrared transmission are vacuum, atmosphere and optical fibers.
Optical components are used to focus the infrared radiation or to limit the spectral response. Optical
lenses made of Quartz, Germanium and Silicon are to focus the infrared radiation. Infrared receivers
can be photodiodes, phototransistors etc. some important specifications of infrared receivers are
photosensitivity, directivity and noise equivalent power.
• Signal processing is done by amplifiers as the output of infrared detector is very small