ELECTRICAL Mr.

Stephens
MOTORS
ELECTRICAL MOTORS

Equipment that convert electrical

energy into mechanical energy is
another type of electrical load.

Electric motors are the main type

of mechanical load.
ELECTRICAL MOTORS

The main function of a motor is to

convert electrical energy into
mechanical energy.

Motors produce rotary motion. A

motor has an electrical input and a
mechanical output.
 ELECTRICAL MOTORS
Mechanical energy is produced by a motor
due to the interaction of a magnetic field
and a set of conductors.
CONSTRUCTION OF
MOTOR
All motors have several basic parts in common.
They are:

Stator: which is the frame and other stationary

parts
Rotor: which is a rotating shaft and other parts
that rotate
Brush
Commutator
1 –Cover

2- screw

3 - Bearing

4- rotor and shaft

6- Box connector

7- machine cover- end

8- Frame and windings

CUTAWAY VIEW OF A
MOTOR
EXPLODED VIEW OF A
MOTOR
FLEMING’S LEFT HAND
RULE
First finger-
direction of
magnetic field.

Second finger
direction of current.

Thumb – movement
PRINCIPLE OF
OPERATION
If a current-carrying conductor is placed in
a magnetic field the flux around the
conductor distorts the main field.
This distortion produces a net flux that
exerts a force on the conductor, which
tends to move it out of the field. Any
conductor carrying current in a field tends
to move at right angles to the field.
DC MOTORS.
OPERATION DC

when a DC current passes through the

coil, the current creates a magnetic
field.  The north pole of the coil is
attracted to the south pole of the outside
magnetic field, and the south pole of the
coil to the north pole of the outside
field. 
Thus, the coil rotates
OPERATION DC MOTOR

When the coil comes to dead center, the

brushes touch both commutator
segments at the same time. 
When this happens there is no current
flow through the coil, but since the coil
is moving, the inactivity continues to
make the coil move.
OPERATION DC MOTOR

After the coil passes through dead center,

the commutator reverses the direction of
current flow through the coil, and the
polarity around the coil reverses. 
This causes the coil to be attracted to the
next pole in its rotation. 
APPLICATION MOTOR

Cranes.
Electric trains.
Mills.
Conveyor system.
Elevators.
TYPES OF DC MOTORS

There are three types of DC motors

Series Motor
Shunt Motor
Compound Motor
SERIES MOTOR

This motor has its

field coil
connected in
series with the
armature.
 SHUNT MOTOR
This is the most
common type of dc
motor. It has its field
windings connected in
parallel with the
armature across the
source. The field coil
has many turns of fine
wire.
COMPOUND MOTOR

the compound
motor has both an
outer series and an
inner shunt field
winding. This motor
is designed to have
the advantages of
both the series and
shunt motors.
MOTOR STARTERS

A motor starter is a device designed to:

Start a motor
Accelerate the motor rated speed in the
shortest time.
Provide protection from overload
conditions
 
MOTOR STARTERS

There are three methods of starting 3-

phase induction motors.
1 Direct on line.
2 Star Delta.
3 Auto transformer.
DIRECT-ON-LINE

These are only used for small motors.

In this case the supply voltage is
connected directly to the motor windings.
Suppliers strongly oppose this method on
larger motors since it cause variation in
voltage.
MOTOR CONTROL

A motor controller is a device designed to

control the operation of a motor. As such it
can be used to control things such as:
 Control when the motor starts and stops
How long it runs for
How often the motor run in a given period
Direction of rotation
MOTOR CONTROL

The motor controller has two distinct

circuits namely:

The power circuit

The control circuit
MAINTENANCE

Keep ventilation screens clean and in place.

Have motor windings dipped and baked every
three to five years.
Replacing bearings before they begin to fail can
save the cost of shaft repair.
Scheduled maintenance of electric motors .
before the motor is used, inspect the electrical
wiring and tighten all electrical connections.
MAINTENANCE CONT

keep the area around the motor dry.

Properly support the electrical panel to
prevent motor vibrations from loosening
electrical connections.
Weeds, grasses, and other plants should be
kept away from electric motors. Insect may
crawl into motors and chew insulation.
SYNCHRONOUS SPEED

The speed of the stator field is the

synchronous speed and it is dependent on:
The frequency of the supply.
The number of pairs of pole.
Synchronous speed = (rev/min) = f*120/no
of poles
SLIP SPEED

The rotor can never travel the same speed

as the rotating field.
The difference in speed between the rotor
speed and the synchronous speed is the slip
speed.
The slip is normally 1.5% or 4% lesser
than the synchronous speed.