x x x x x

x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x

Uniform field Uniform field perpendicular

Uniform field on the perpendicular & into the & emerging out of the plane
plane of the diagram plane of the diagram of the diagram

A
B
TIP:
When we look at any one side of the loop carrying current, if the
current is in anti-clockwise direction then that side of the loop behaves
I like Magnetic North Pole and if the current is in clockwise direction
then that side of the loop behaves like Magnetic South Pole.
 B

x x x x x x x

I I
 Geographic Length

S P M P N
Magnetic Length

SI unit of pole strength is A.m

 r
F α m1 m2 m1 m2
α r2

k m1 m2 μ0 m1 m2
F= or F=
r2 4π r2

(where k = μ0 / 4π is a constant and μ0 = 4π x 10-7 T m A-1)

In vector form μ0 m1 m2 r
F=
4π r2

μ0 m1 m2 r
F=
4π r3
i) At a point on the axial line of the magnet:

μ0 2 M x BN
BP =
4π (x2 – l2)2
θ
BQ Q
If l << x, then θ
μ0 2 M BS
BP ≈ y
4π x3 BP = BN - BS
θ θ BS
O
B
N
ii) At a point on the equatorial line P
of the magnet: S M N
l l
μ0 M x
BQ=
4π (y2 + l2)3/2

If l << y, then

μ0 M
BP ≈
4π y3
 N
2l mB
M
θ
mB
S B

Torque = Magnetic Force x distance θ

B
t = mB (2l sin θ)
= M B sin θ t

t = MxB