Electrical Measurements and Instruments

Instructor: Dr Muhammad Yaqoob Javed

COMSATS University

1
 GALVANOMETER
• A galvanometer is essentially a PMMC instrument
designed to be sensitive to extremely low current level.
• The deflection system is arranged so that the pointer can
be deflected to either right or left of zero.
• The scale can be calibrated in microampere.
• Torque equation of Galvanometer is same as PMMC.
• To improve the sensitivity the weight of Pointer can
create a problem.
• This is solved by mounting a small mirror in the moving
coil instead of pointer.
Galvanometer construction
Galvanometer construction
Practice Problem
 Assignment 1
• 3.2
• 3.5
• 3.6
• 3.11
• 3.29
Electrodynamic Instruments

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AC Operation of Electrodynamic Instruments

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AC Operation of Electrodynamic Instruments

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Electrodynamic Voltmeter & Ammeter

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Moving Iron Instruments

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Concentric-vane Moving-iron Instruments

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Concentric-vane Moving-iron Instruments

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Attraction Type Electrostatic Voltmeter

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Quadrant Type Electrostatic Voltmeter

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Idiostatic & Heterostatic Connection in
Quadrant Type Voltmeter

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 Hot-wire Instruments

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 Thermocouples

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Vacuum Tube Thermocouple

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Compensated Thermocouple

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 Thermocouple Bridge

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 Galvanometer

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 Ballistic Galvanometer

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 Null Detector

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Electromechanical instruments