OPTO- ELECTRONIC VTs

GROUP THREE
 INTRODUCTION

Opto-electronic VTs (Voltage Transformers) are essential components in the

transmission and distribution of electrical power. They are primarily used to
accurately measure high voltage levels and convert them into low voltage
levels to enable safe and reliable operation of electrical equipments. Opto-
electronic VTs incorporate both optical and electrical components to
provide precise voltage measurements with minimal energy loss.
 CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES

 CORE: The core of an opto-electronic VTs is typically made of a high

permeability magnetic material such as laminated silicon steel or stainless
steel. The core is designed to provide a low reluctance path for the
magnetic flux generated by the primary winding

 WINDINGS: Opto-electronic VTs use two windings – a primary and a

secondary winding. The primary winding is connected to the high voltage
circuit and the secondary winding is connected to the low voltage circuit.
The number of turns in the primary and secondary windings is determined
by the required transformation ratio.
 OPTICAL COUPLER: Opto-electronic VTs use an optical coupler to
transfer the voltage signal from the high voltage primary winding to the
low voltage secondary winding. The optical coupler consists of a light
source and a photo-detector that converts the light signal into an
electrical signal.
 SECONDARY EQUIPMENT: Opto-electronic VTs require secondary
equipment to condition the electrical signal for use by measurement
devices and protection systems. The secondary equipment includes
capacitors, resistors, and transistors that help to filter, amplify, and
isolate the electrical signal.
 ENCLOSURE: An important safety feature of opto-electronic VTs is
the enclosure that houses the electrical and optical components. The
enclosure is typically made of epoxy resin, which provides excellent
electrical insulation and mechanical strength. The enclosure also has
safety interlocks to prevent accidental contact with live components.
 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

Optoelectronics VTs or voltage transformers are electronic devices that

work on the principle of the photoelectric effect. These voltage
transformers convert high voltage and current levels into more manageable
levels using light as the medium of inducement. The most significant
advantage of optoelectronics VTs is that they are galvanically isolated from
the primary circuit, which means that there is no electrical contact between
the primary high voltage and the secondary low voltage circuit. winding
and a secondary winding. The primary winding is connected to the high
voltage circuit, while the secondary winding is connected to the low
voltage circuit that needs to be measured. The primary winding is positioned
between a light emitting diode (LED) and a photodiode while the secondary
winding is connected with a shunt resistor. The shunt resistor is used to
measure the current flowing through the secondary winding. Operationally,
the voltage transformer works using the following principles. First, when
high voltage is applied across the primary winding of the transformer, it
creates an electromagnetic field that induces an electric current in the
secondary winding. The current induced in the secondary winding is
proportional to the value of the high voltage applied to the primary winding.
As a result, the primary winding acts as the source of the high voltage
measurement, and the secondary winding provides the data for the observer.
The photodiode senses the amount of light generated by the LED and converts
it into an electrical signal proportional to the light intensity. When the LED is
illuminated, it triggers the photodiode, which generates an electrical signal,
and the voltage of the signal is directly proportional to the light intensity. In
response to the signal from the photodiode, the optoelectronic VT then works
by modulating the amount of light energy passing through the diodes of the
transformer.
The current flowing through the primary winding generates the magnetic
field that modulates the intensity of the LED, which, in turn, adjusts the
intensity of the light striking the photodiode. This modulation allows the
output voltage to be accurate via a voltage/current ratio.
 APPLICATIONS
 Optical Communications
 Aerospace and Defense
 Automotive Industry
 Energy Generation
 Display Technology

 Medical Equipment
 ADVANTAGES

 Galvanic isolation
 No DC offset
 Accuracy

 No saturation

 Insensitivity to magnetic fields

In summary, the advantages of opto electronics VTs include galvanic

isolation, accuracy, no saturation, no DC offset, and insensitivity to magnetic
fields. These features provide reliable and accurate measurements of electrical
signals in complex and dynamic electrical systems.
 DISADVANTAGES

 Limited frequency range

 Temperature sensitivity
 Limited physical durability
 High cost
 Sensitivity to ambient light
In summary, even though Opto electronics VTs offer many advantages over
traditional VTs, they have some limitations that may affect their suitability
for certain applications, such as high-voltage measurements and harsh
environments
GROUP THREE MEMBERS
SIKPA ANDREW EYIRAM - 0320030145
DODODZA COURAGE - 0320030044
SABAH GIDEON KOFI - 0320030104
BANSAH ERIC - 0320030052
ADITCHERE JULIANA MADEY - 0320030041
KORANTENG RANSFORD - 0320030039
KOTEI KELVIN JAMES - 0320030087
ADZAKLI BLESS - 0320030086
BORBOR GIDEON - 0320030112
AKATI ERNEST - 0320030070
NYASEM WONDER - 0320030031
GAMLI VINCENT - 0320030143
ADIASANI SAMUEL - 0320030106
THANK YOU.