DONE BY:

ASSIGNMENT 1A ANJU R SETHU

LEKSHMI BHAI B G
NANDITHA K
 SMART GRID
IMPLEMENTATIONS
IN
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
 INTRODUCTION
In the USA, the term "smart grid" describes a modernized electrical grid that makes use of
cutting-edge technologies and communication systems to enhance the sustainability,
efficiency, and dependability of power transmission and distribution.
In the United States, the Energy Independence and Security Act was passed into law in 2007,
which marked the start of the smart grid's development. Through funding for R&D, pilot
projects, and the implementation of smart grid technology, this Act established a framework
for the creation and implementation of a modernized grid. Since then, there has been a
substantial advancement in the nationwide adoption of smart grid technologies.
The Department of Energy estimates that by 2021, 98 million smart meters will have been
installed in homes and businesses all around the country. Other smart grid technologies being
implemented with smart meters include sophisticated sensors and control systems, distributed
energy resources, energy storage systems, and infrastructure for charging electric vehicles.
With the integration of renewable energy sources and the rising demand for power, these
technologies are assisting in the development of a more adaptable and robust grid.
In general, the smart grid is considered to be a crucial part of the USA's transition to a cleaner
and more sustainable energy system.
 INITIATIVES
The initiatives taken for the implementation of Smart Grid can be discussed as;

Grid Modernization Initiative ( GMI )

The GMI is a Department of Energy (DOE) initiative that was started in 2011
with the goal of enhancing the electrical grid's dependability and resilience through
the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies.
Advanced Metering Infrastructure ( AMI )
AMI is a crucial part of smart grid technology, giving utilities and
customers real-time data on energy consumption. Recently, many utilities in the
USA, such as Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison, and Consolidated
Edison, have deployed AMI systems.
 Energy Storage
Energy storage technology research and development has received funding from
the DOE, and several states, like California and New York, have established regulations
to promote the use of energy storage systems.

Demand Response
By encouraging customers to use less electricity when there is a high demand,
demand response programs enable utilities to control peak demand. Demand response
programs have been introduced by numerous utilities in the USA, such as Con Edison,
Southern California Edison, and Pacific Gas & Electric .

Smart Grid Investment Grant Program ( SGIGP )

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), which was implemented
in 2009, provided $4.5 billion for the SGIG, a project to upgrade the electrical grid. The
program provided support for over 99 projects, such as the implementation of AMI.
 INFRASTRUCTURE
The infrastructure for the smart grid implementations can be;

Distribution Automation
In order to enable real-time monitoring and control, distribution automation entails the
installation of sensors, switches, and other technology on the distribution grid. This could
provide a quicker restoration of power in the event of an outage and help the grid become more
resilient and reliable.

Advanced Metering Infrastructure ( AMI )

Smart meters are installed as part of AMI, allowing for two-way communication between
the utility and the client. Smart meters give utilities access to real-time data on energy
consumption, allowing them to better manage the grid and integrate renewable energy sources
and demand response initiatives.
 Microgrids
Small-scale electricity networks known as microgrids can run simultaneously or
independently from the main grid. They may be especially helpful in distant or frequently without
electricity places. To offer dependable and resilient power, microgrids can include renewable
energy resources and energy storage technology.

Cybersecurity
To safeguard the system from cyberattacks, smart grid installation calls for strong
cybersecurity measures. In order to monitor and protect the grid from potential threats, modern
technologies and procedures must be implemented.

Energy Storage
By holding extra energy produced by renewable sources and releasing it when needed,
energy storage devices like batteries can assist in maintaining the grid's balance. As a result, there
may be a lessened requirement for fossil fuel-powered peaker plants and better integration of
renewable energy sources.
 TARGETS
With the implementation of Smart Grid various target goals have been achieved which are;

Expansion of Renewable energy Integration

The Grid Modernization Initiative of the Department of Energy seeks to increase the
grid's incorporation of renewable energy sources. By 2030, the project wants to see a 50%
increase in the utilization of renewable energy.

Development of Electric Vehicle Infrastructure

By 2022, the ordinary American will be able to afford and use electric vehicles (EVs)
on par with vehicles fueled by petrol, according to the Department of Energy's EV Everywhere
Grand Challenge. EV infrastructure development, including the construction of charging
stations, is required to accomplish this goal.
 Implementation of Demand Response Programs
The implementation of demand response programs that can lower peak demand by 5%
by 2015 and 10% by 2020 is mandated under the National Action Plan on Demand Response.

Deployment of Advanced Metering Infrastructure ( AMI )

The installation of AMI in at least 50% of homes by 2018 was the goal set by the
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. This objective was met, and AMI
implementation is still growing.

Implementation of Distribution Automation

To increase the dependability and effectiveness of the distribution grid, distribution
automation technologies, such as automated switches and sensors, were implemented with
funding from the Department of Energy's Smart Grid Investment Grant Program.
 FINANCIAL INCENTIVES
Some of the financial incentives provided for the implementation towards smart grid
technologies are discussed below;

State-level Programs
To promote the use of smart grid technologies, many jurisdictions have created
incentive programs. The California Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP), as an
illustration, offers financial incentives for the construction of energy storage systems.

Ratepayer Programs
For customers that embrace smart grid technologies like enhanced metering
infrastructure and energy storage systems, certain utilities provide ratepayer programs
that give financial incentives.
 Tax Incentives
Investments in the smart grid are eligible for tax advantages from the US
government through a number of programs, including the Modified Accelerated Cost
Recovery System (MACRS) and the Investment Tax Credit (ITC).

Federal Grants
To modernize the electric infrastructure, the US government has offered
funds through grant programs including the Smart infrastructure Investment Grant
Program (SGIG). The SGIG program funded a variety of smart grid initiatives,
including enhanced metering infrastructure, distribution automation systems, and
other smart grid technology.
 KEY LEGISLATIONS
Some of the key legislations for the Smart grid implementation are;

Energy Storage Tax Incentive and Deployment Act of 2021

The Energy Storage Tax Incentive and implementation Act, which was
proposed by Congress in 2021 but hasn't yet been passed, would offer tax breaks for
energy storage technologies to assist the implementation of energy storage systems,
which are a crucial part of a smart grid.

Grid Modernization Act of 2019

The Grid modernization Act, which was proposed in 2019 but has not yet been
passed, would grant $1 billion annually for funding smart grid research and
development, grid upgrade, and worker training. Additionally, the act would create a
Smart Grid Advisory Committee to create a national smart grid policy.
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ( ARRA ) 2009
The Smart system Investment Grant Program (SGIG) was funded with $4.5 billion
from the ARRA to upgrade the electrical system.

Energy Independence and Security Act ( EISA ) 2007

In order to modernize the electric grid and enhance its dependability, efficiency, and
security, the EISA adopted federal policies. To design a national smart grid policy and authorize
funding for research and development of smart grid technology, the EISA established the Smart
Grid Advisory Committee.

Energy Policy Act ( EPAct ) 2005

Energy efficiency and demand response, which are crucial elements of a smart grid,
were promoted through provisions in the EPAct. The Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy
Reliability was established inside the Department of Energy by the EPAct, which also authorized
financing for research and development of smart grid technologies.
 BENEFITS

Accommodating all generation and storage options

The Smart Grid's ability to accommodate a wide range of generations, from large
centralized plants to small solar panels and everything in between, securely and
seamlessly is essential to its success.
Optimizing asset utilization and efficient operation
Power plants, distribution substations, and other essential infrastructure may all
be used to their fullest potential by the Smart Grid by utilizing tested technology.
Anticipating and responding to system disturbances
The Smart Grid will be able to prevent disturbances rather than just respond to
them by doing continual self-assessments, and it will be able to solve urgent issues
more quickly than operators ever could.
Providing power quality for the digital economy
A range of power quality classes and price points will be available via the Smart
Grid. Additionally, it will identify and address poor power quality before its consequences
become serious, thereby lowering customer losses as a result of power quality problems.

Enabling active participation by consumers

By allowing customers to participate and make decisions, a smarter grid achieves
that. With the use of two-way communication, utilities and consumers will be able to
have a conversation about the types of electricity that are used, when, and how much they
cost.

Enabling new products services and markets

 SMART GRID
IMPLEMENTATIONS
IN
ITALY
 INTRODUCTION
The Italian Ministry of Economic Development established the "Smart Grids
and Networks" project in 2012, and it is one of their main priorities. Through
the use of cutting-edge technologies and the incorporation of renewable
energy sources, support the development of intelligent networks and smart
grids in Italy.
The "Smart Grid Valley" project in the Aosta Valley region, which focuses on
the integration of renewable energy sources and the optimization of energy
usage, is one of the numerous smart grid pilot projects that Italy has executed
in various regions.
With an emphasis on advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), demand
response, and energy storage systems, Italian businesses are actively engaged
in the development and deployment of smart grid technology.
 INITIATIVES
The initiatives taken in Italy for the implementation of smart grid are;

Renewable energy incentives

Italy has implemented a number of incentives to promote the usage of
renewable energy sources, which are crucial components of smart grid systems. Tax
credits, feed-in tariffs, and other financial incentives are some of the financial
incentives for the generation of renewable energy.

Smart grids and Communities

The adoption of smart grid technologies is being promoted by the European
Union in both urban and rural locations. In cities and towns all around Italy, one of the
participating countries in this plan, numerous pilot projects have been launched.
 Smart grids Lab
The Smart Grids Lab was established by the Italian utility Enel as a research
and development facility to generate and Consider cutting-edge smart grid technologies.
The lab is focused on developing demand response systems, improved metering
infrastructure, and distributed generating technologies.
National Smart Grid Plan
Italy unveiled a national smart grid strategy in 2011 with the intention of
promoting the adoption of these technologies throughout the country. The plan includes a
number of guidelines for the growth of the smart grid, such as those for the establishment
of interoperability standards, the promotion of renewable energy sources, and the
deployment of advanced metering infrastructure.
Smart Grids Italia
Smart Grids Italia is a public-private partnership that aims to speed the
implementation of smart grid technology in Italy. The alliance brings together utilities,
technology providers, research institutes, and other stakeholders to promote collaboration
and innovation in the area of smart grids.
 INFRASTRUCTURE

The infrastructure requirements for the smart grid implementations are;

Distribution Automation ( DA )
Technology used in DA, including sensors, automatic switches, and smart
transformers, can identify and address network faults, reducing downtime and
enhancing grid dependability.

Energy Storage
As the country increases its usage of erratic renewable energy sources,
Italy has invested in energy storage technology like batteries and pumped hydro
storage to assist balance supply and demand on the system.
 Advanced Metering Infrastructure ( AMI )
The majority of the nation's electricity users currently have smart meters
installed. This has made it possible to bill clients promptly and to give them access to real-
time information about their energy usage.

Electric Vehicle Infrastructure ( EV )

In order to accommodate the rise of electric vehicles, Italy has been extending its
network of EV charging stations. This pertains to both public charging stations and
residential and commercial private charging equipment.

Demand Response
Demand response programs offer financial incentives to customers who
voluntarily cut back on their electricity use during peak hours. This lessens the load on the
grid during periods of peak demand.
 TARGETS
The targets that are aimed to achieve by implementing the smart grid are discussed below;
Improved energy efficiency
By 2030, Italy wants to raise the percentage of renewable energy sources in its
energy mix from about 33% in 2019.By 2024, deploy smart meters at a 100% rate.
Enhanced grid resilience
The resilience of Italy's energy infrastructure to severe weather and other
interruptions is one of its main objectives.
Increased integration of renewable energy sources
Italy plans to boost the proportion of renewable energy sources in its energy mix
to 55% by 2030 from about 33% in 2019.Realise the full adoption of smart meters by 2024.
Decentralization of energy production
Italy wants to encourage the decentralization of energy production, concentrating
on localized renewable energy initiatives.
 FINANCIAL INCENTIVES
The financial incentives for the implementation of smart grid technologies in Italy
are as follows;

EU Funding
The Horizon 2020 program of the European Union, which provides
financing for research and innovation initiatives involving smart grid technologies, is
open to Italy.

Tax Incentives
Italian businesses who invest in renewable energy and energy efficiency
projects are eligible for tax benefits, such as deductions and expedited depreciation.
 Research and Development Grants
Grants for research and development are offered by the Italian government
to encourage the development of new smart grid technology. Companies and research
organizations focusing on renewable energy, energy efficiency, and smart grids
initiatives can apply for these awards.
Green Bonds
To finance renewable energy and energy efficiency projects, Italy has
issued green bonds. These bonds are meant to entice institutional and individual
investors interested in financing sustainable development to invest.
Feed-in Tariffs
Italy has put in place feed-in tariffs for renewable energy, which guarantee
a certain price for power produced from such sources. This facilitates the grid
integration of renewable energy sources and encourages the use of renewable energy
technologies.
 KEY LEGISLATIONS
Some of the key legislations of smart grid implementation in Italy are given below;

Resolution 595/2016/R/eel
This resolution established standards for the construction of smart grids
in Italy, including the requirement to prioritize the grid's security and dependability,
encourage energy efficiency, and promote the use of renewable energy sources.
Legislative Decree No. 28/2011
With the intention of equipping all of Italy's electricity consumers with
smart meters by the year 2022, this decree established the country's legal framework
for the implementation of smart meters.
 Ministerial Decree of 11 August 2017
This decree specified technical specifications, including the use of
standardized communication protocols and cybersecurity precautions, for the
implementation of advanced metering systems throughout Italy.
National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
Italy has created a National Energy Efficiency Action Plan that details
actions to increase energy efficiency, such as the use of smart grid technologies.
National Energy Strategy
The development of smart grid infrastructure to facilitate the integration
of renewable energy sources was included in Italy's adoption of a National Energy
Strategy in 2013, which provided a path for the country's energy transformation.
 BENEFITS
Some of the major benefits Italy will achieve on implementation of smart grid technologies are;
Reduced carbon emissions
The installation of smart grid infrastructure will assist Italy's attempts to lessen the effects
of climate change by lowering carbon emissions from the power sector.
Improved grid reliability and resilience
The installation of smart grid infrastructure in Italy, including sophisticated metering
systems, energy storage, and distribution automation, is anticipated to increase the power grid's
resilience and dependability.
Improved Energy Efficiency
Smart grids make it possible to control the power system more effectively, cutting down
on energy waste and enhancing consumer behavior.
Integration of Renewable Energy Sources
Smart grids make it possible to include intermittent renewable energy sources like solar
and wind power. This will help Italy reach its goal of producing 55% of its electricity from
renewable sources by 2030.
THANKYOU