STEPS IN WRITING

LITERATURE REVIEW
 OBJECTIVES

 At the end of this chapter, the students will be able to;

1. Discuss about the importance of the steps in writing
literature review; and
2. The essential skills needed in drafting the review of
related literature
 FIND/SEARCH FOR THE RELEVANT
LITERATURE

 There are many ways on how to find relevant research

studies. You may use the following:

a. Search engines to facilitate your information inquiry.

Make sure that they are reliable.
b. University Online Library
c. Snowballing
d. Related dissertations
LOG CATALOGUE AND SYNTHESIZE

 After searching and gathering the different relevant

studies, you need to arrange them in order for you to
organize them easily.
  Log the reference information. You may use reference
management software.
 Catalogue all relevant articles. You may use excel so that
it will be organize and systematic. You can make your
own template so that you will be efficient.
 Digest and synthesize. Organize the different ideas from
other different sources. Arrange them according to the
criteria that you made in your excel template. This would
make the connections of the different studies easier to
identify.
 OUTLINING AND WRITING UP

In-depth planning and enough time should be given

importance during this period since you will need to
concentrate and have focus in writing up your paper.
Draw up your outline. You need to make an outline first
for the structuring of your literature review. Thorough
reading and understanding should be done for you to be
able to plan and structure the ideas from your different
sources. You can use the different approaches like
chronological, thematic, theoretical. Etc.
 Write it up. After formulating the outline, you can now
begin writing your first draft. It is expected that your
first draft is still rough. Your second draft involves
tightening up and improving flow. There would be
several drafts needed for your paper to polished.
 Recap. When you finish with your paper, have it read by
other who are qualified (expert in your field) for further
improvements. Comprehend and incorporate their
corrections and suggestions for the betterment of your
study. It is so much better if there will be more qualified
people that can proof-read your paper.
ESSENTIAL SKILLS NEEDED IN
DRAFTING THE REVIEW OF
RELATED LITERATURE
 QUOTING

 Includes direct and indirect quotes. Indirect quoting is

used to quote a source that is cited and/or quoted in
another source, and direct quote should be reproduced
word for word.
EXAMPLES:
 Griffith (2013) stated, “In the simplest terms, cloud
computing means storing and accessing data in programs
over the internet instead of computer’s hard drive.”
 - Direct Quotation

 In his book on Greek language, boiling discusses why

reflexive constructions are rare in the language of
Homer. “[the rarity] is due party to competition offered
by the middle voice, partly to the psychological beliefs
then current.” (as cited in Jeremiah, 2012, p.46)
- Indirect Quotation
 PARAPHRASING

 Rewriting a passage or idea of someone’s work into your

own words yet expresses the original idea. It focuses
more on the details, hence its length is as the same as the
original work.
EXAMPLE:

 Original text: Giraffes like Acacia leaves and hay, and

they can consume 75 pounds of food a day.

 Paraphrase: A giraffe can eat up to 75 pounds of Acacia

leaves and hay daily.
 SUMMARIZING

 Condensing a lengthy piece of materials by focusing on

main idea of the passage/text. It is almost one fourth of
the original text.
EXAMPLE:
 Original text: “…there are two ways to become wealthy: to create
wealth or to take wealthy away from others. The former adds to
society. The latter typically subtracts from it, for in the process of
taking it away, wealth gets destroyed. A monopolist who
overcharges for his product takes away money from those whom he
is overcharging and the same time destroys value. To get his
monopoly price, he has to restrict production. “ Stiglitz. J.E (2013)
The Price of Inequality, London: Penguin.
 Summary:

Stiglitz (2013) suggests that creating wealth adds value to the society,
but that taking away the wealth of other detracts from it. He uses the
example of a monopolist, who overcharges for his product resulting in
loss wealth for the customer, but also loss of value as the monopolist
has to restrict production in order to charge the higher price.
 GROUP FIVE

Ma. Reinalyn Traya Anthony Gamuzaran

Tessa Etino Mel Joseph Tinguban
Andrea Gail Salarda Ian Van Trofeo
Shane Lenneth Tinasas Jhon Francis Tamonan
Kristelle Joy Vilchez

THANK YOU!!