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    Metals

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    The document discusses the general properties and processing of metals. It notes that metals have properties like high thermal conductivity, ductility, and density. Historically, gold, copper, and copper alloys were some of the earliest and most widely used metals dating back thousands of years, while aluminum, silicon, and steel came into prominent use more recently in the past 200 years. The document outlines different metal processing techniques including cold working methods like bending, drawing and shearing as well as hot working and heat treatments like annealing, quenching, and tempering.

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    Metals

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    The document discusses the general properties and processing of metals. It notes that metals have properties like high thermal conductivity, ductility, and density. Historically, gold, copper, and copper alloys were some of the earliest and most widely used metals dating back thousands of years, while aluminum, silicon, and steel came into prominent use more recently in the past 200 years. The document outlines different metal processing techniques including cold working methods like bending, drawing and shearing as well as hot working and heat treatments like annealing, quenching, and tempering.

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    The document discusses the general properties and processing of metals. It notes that metals have properties like high thermal conductivity, ductility, and density. Historically, gold, copper, and copper alloys were some of the earliest and most widely used metals dating back thousands of years, while aluminum, silicon, and steel came into prominent use more recently in the past 200 years. The document outlines different metal processing techniques including cold working methods like bending, drawing and shearing as well as hot working and heat treatments like annealing, quenching, and tempering.

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    40 views16 pages

    Metals

    Uploaded by

    api-672440888
    The document discusses the general properties and processing of metals. It notes that metals have properties like high thermal conductivity, ductility, and density. Historically, gold, copper, and copper alloys were some of the earliest and most widely used metals dating back thousands of years, while aluminum, silicon, and steel came into prominent use more recently in the past 200 years. The document outlines different metal processing techniques including cold working methods like bending, drawing and shearing as well as hot working and heat treatments like annealing, quenching, and tempering.

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    of 16

    METALS

    METALS
    Blooket

    • https://dashboard.blooket.com/set/643cc0aa8
    ba3f83301c6fe26
    General Properties of
    Metals

    • High Thermal Conductivity

    • Low Corrosion Resistance


    • High Thermal Expansion

    • Higher Ductility
    • High Toughness (Not Brittle)

    • Higher Density
    Test your knowledge!!!
    What order do you think these metals were
    used chronologically?

    • Aluminum • Iron
    • Copper • Silicon
    • Copper Alloys • Silver
    • Gold • Steel
    Metals Throughout History

    4600 BC : 4200 BC : 4000 BC : 3500-2500


    Gold Copper Silver BC : Copper
    Alloys

    1825 AD : 1823 AD : 1300 BC : 1500 BC :


    Aluminum Silicon Steel Iron
    Processing
    • There are two main types of
    processing: cold working and hot
    working.
    • The difference between them
    depends on the
    recrystallization temperature.
    • Recrystallization is a process
    where deformations in the steel
    are replaced by new grains that
    grow.
    Cold Working –
    Squeezing
    Cold Working - Squeezing

    Extrusion

    Cold forging
    Cold Working –
    Bending
    Cold Working – Bending

    Tube bending Roll bending


    Cold Working –
    Shearing
    Cold Working –
    Drawing
    When to use
    Hot Working Cold Working
    • Easier to manipulate • Metal surfaces are smoother.

    • Metals of any size can be worked • Greater control over mechanical properties such as
    toughness.
    • Heat energy costs are higher
    • Metals over around 25 millimeters in diameter
    can't be cold worked.
    Heat Treatment
    Annealing Quenching Tempering
    • Annealing is when the metal • When the metal is annealed, • In which the metal is
    is heated at the but instead of cooling in air is quenching and then
    recrystallization temperature cooled in another substance. heated lightly, before air
    and is slowly cooled in air. • Usually used to cooling.
    increase hardness.
    • Removes quenching stress
    • Affects ductility,  • This hardness depends on and brittleness.
    electrical conductivity. how quickly is it cooled and
    the material itself.
    References
    • https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/22/titanium#:~:text=Titanium%20metal%20connects
    %20well%20with,%2C%20plastics%2C%20enamels%20and%20paper
    • https://geology.com/minerals/gold/uses-of-gold.shtml  
    • A Comprehensive List of Precious Metals, Their Properties, and Uses - Science Struck
    • https://www.texasironandmetal.com/most-popular-metal-types/
    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORSf0Z5wsXk
    • https://material-properties.org/what-are-properties-of-copper-alloys-definition/
    • https://material-properties.org/what-are-properties-of-titanium-alloys-definition/
    • https://www.metafab.com/metal-fabrication-processes-understanding-the-different-types/
    • https://www.ulbrich.com/blog/types-of-cold-working-processes/#:~:text=Hot%20working%20occu
    rs%20when%20metal,forming%2C%20sits%20between%20the%20two
    . 
    • https://www.ulbrich.com/blog/understanding-the-difference-between-annealing-and-tempering/
    • https://www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/964/recrystallization
    • https://www.metalsupermarkets.com/difference-annealing-tempering/#:~:text=Annealing%20invo
    lves%20heating%20steel%20to,air%2C%20vacuum%20or%20inert%20atmospheres
    .
    References Continued

    •https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278116.g006
    •https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/oldest-gold-artifact-1.3714734
    •https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096882
    •https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5945/the-taranto-hoard/#google_vignette
    •http://www.makin-metals.com/about/history-of-metals-infographic/
    •https://vincentmetals.com/metal-talk-menu/history-of-metal-timeline.html
    •https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222649647_Investigation_of_a_Copper-based_Hoard_from_the_Megalithic_Site_of_al-Midamman
    _Yemen_an_Interdisciplinary_Approach/figures?lo=1
    •https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/maps.13787
    •https://steelfabservices.com.au/who-invented-steel/
    •https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Silicon#section=History
    •https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/aluminum-common-metal-uncommon-past
    •https://thelibraryofmanufacturing.com/metal_drawing.html
    •https://www.garfieldrefining.com/resources/blog/the-uses-of-gold-in-electronics/
    •https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/mcs2020.pdf
    •https://www.repairsmith.com/blog/how-much-platinum-is-in-a-catalytic-converter/
    •https://makeitfrommetal.com/different-types-of-metal-facts-and-uses/

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