Good Morning!

Statistics and Probability

4th Quarter
Good Morning!
Statistics and Probability
4th Quarter
Picture FUN-zzle
Guess the word!
 MECHANIC:
1. The teacher will present 5 sets of random pictures in
which students will guess the word based on the
given pictures.
DISTRUBUTION
 -S
SYMMETRIC
PARA!

PARAMETER
 -AP
SAMPLE
 of

DEGREES OF FREEDOM
Learning objective
1
illustrates
the t-
distribution
T-distribution!
Readddyyy?
 Illustrating
1 t-distribution
Introduction of T-distrubution
• The t-distribution, also known as
Student’s t-distribution is a probability
distribution that is used to estimate
population parameters when the sample
size is small and/or when the population
variance is unknown.
• It was developed by William Sealy
Gosset.
 Introduction of T-distrubution
• If x and s are the mean and standard
deviation, respectively, of a random sample
size n taken from a normally distributed
population with a mean μ, t = (x̄ – μ) / (s/√n)
• The formula is used n < 30 and the population
standard is unknown.
• The t-distribution with n-1 degrees of freedom
Contents of t-distribution formula

x Sample mean

μ Population mean

s Standard deviation

n Size of the given

sample
Properties of
t-distribution
 Properties of T-
DISTRIBUTION
• The t-distribution is symmetrical
about 0.
• Bell-shaped like the normal
distribution but has heavier tails.
• Mean, median and mode of the t-
distribution are all equal to zero.
 Properties of T-
DISTRIBUTION
• The variance is always greater than 1. It is
equal to where v is the number of
degrees of freedom.
• As the degrees of freedom increase, the t-
distribution curve looks more and more
like the normal distribution.
t-distribution curve
2 Identifying percentiles
using t-table
 EXAMPLE 1:
Determine the t-value
based on the given sample
size and α.df = n-1
n= 22 = 22-1
α = 0.01 = 21

t = 2.518
t = 2.518
 EXAMPLE 2:
Find the values of t for which the area on the
right tail of t-distribution is 0.05 and the number
of degrees of freedom is equal to: a) 11 and b) 23
a. n= 11 df = n-1 b. n = df
23= n-1
α = 0.05 = 11-1 = 23-1
α = 0.05
= 10 = 22

t = 1.812 t = 1.717
 EXAMPLE 3:
What is the area to the right of 1.725 under t-
distribution with 20 degrees of freedom?

The area to the

right of 1.725
is 0.05
 T- time!
1. What is the area to the right of 1.058 under t-
distribution with 25 degrees of freedom?
2. What is the area to the right of 1.753 under t-
distribution with 15 degrees of freedom?
3. What is the area to the right of 1.660 under t-
distribution with 100 degrees of freedom?
 T!
COPY AND
ANSWER!
Activi-
Determine the t-value for which the area on the
right tail based on the given sample size and α.
a. n= 16 α = 0.15
b. n= 20 α = 0.025
c. n=20 α = 0.01
d. n= 5 α =0.5
e. n= 25 α =0.005