Sum and Difference

Identities
Other Identities
These are the additional identities
involving the sine, cosine and tangent
functions. These are identities for the
sum of two angles, difference of two
angles, double angles and half angles.
The sum and difference identities are
used to find the value of
trigonometric functions at angles that
can be written as the sum or
difference of the special angles 0°,
30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, and 180°.
 Sum and Difference
Formulas
SINE FUNCTION

sin     sin  cos   cos  sin 

sin (a + b) = sin a cos b + cos a sin b
sin (a – b) = sin a cos b – cos a sin b


Find the exact value of sin 75°.
Find the exact value of sin -15°.

sin -15sin (30 - 45)

= sin 30 cos 45 - cos 30 sin 45
= ()() – ()()
=
Find the exact value of sin .
sin sin (60 + 45)
= sin 60 cos 45 + cos 60 sin 45
= ()() + ()()
=
 Sum and Difference
Formulas
COSINE FUNCTION

cos     cos  cos  sin  sin 

cos (a + b) = cos a cos b – sin a sin b

cos (a – b) = cos a cos b + sin a sin b
Find the exact value of cos 15°.
Find the exact value of cos 105°.

cos 105 cos(60 + 45)

= cos 60 cos 45 - sin 60 sin 45
= ()() – ()()
=
Find the exact value of cos .
cos ( + )
= cos() cos () - sin () sin ()
= ()() - ()()
=
 Sum and Difference
Formulas
TANGENT
FUNCTION
tan   tan 
tan     
1 tan  tan 
tan (a + b) = tan a + tan b
1 - tan a tan b
tan (a – b) = tan a – tan b
1 + tan a tan b
Find the exact value of tan 15°.
tan 15 tan(45 - 30)
=
=
=
= ()
=2-
Find the exact value of tan -105°.
tan -105 tan(-60 - 45)
=
=
=
= () =
=
=
Find the exact value of tan .
Using the sum & difference identities, condense each of the following
and express as a trigonometric function of a single angle.