RECENT DEVELOPMENT

IN CONTROL OF BOVINE
MASTITIS
MUHAMMAD TARIQ AZIZ
PRESENTATION TITLE

CONTROL OF MASTITIS

USE OF ANTIBIOTICS

BACTERIOPHAGES

VACCINATION

NANOPARTICLES

CYTOKINES

PLANT-DERIVED ANTIMICROBIALS

ANIMAL-DERIVED ANTIMICROBIALS
2
BACTERIA AND BACTERIA-DERIVED
ANTIMICROBIALS
PRESENTATION TITLE

MASTITIS
Inflammatory response of the mammary gland to infection,
which is typically caused by bacteria. It is a common disease
in dairy cows that affects milk production and quality and can
result in significant economic losses for dairy farmers..
Treatment may involve antibiotic therapy, anti-inflammatory
medication, and supportive care, and prevention strategies
include good milking hygiene, proper udder health
management, and vaccination programs.

3
PRESENTATION TITLE

Traditional control methods for mastitis include hygiene,

management, and antibiotic therapy. However, the overuse of
antibiotics has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains
of bacteria, making the search for alternative control methods
imperative.

4
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
 USE OF BACTERIOPHAGES

Bacteriophage therapy has been suggested as a possible

alternative to antibiotics in the fight against mastitis infections in
cows.

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and kill bacteria, and some
studies have shown that phages, such as phage K and MSA6, have
potential for use as anti-staphylococcus agents in mastitis
treatment

6
PRESENTATION TITLE

• Phage K is an anti-staphylococcus phage, with lytic and antimicrobial action

and has been used as prophylactic measure in infections caused by S. aureus

• MSA6-anti-staphylococcal agent.

• CHAPk is effective against biofilms.

7
 LIMITATIONS

However, phage therapy presents several limitations, such as the

degradation/inactivation of phages by milk and the immune system.
More research is needed to fully understand the pharmacokinetics and
pharmaco-dynamics of phage therapy and its administration into
intramammary tissues.

8
 USE OF VACCINES

9
•Developing an effective vaccine for bovine mastitis has been a long-standing challenge.

•Vaccination has become an important area in mastitis control strategies, and an effective control protocol is
becoming urgent.

•Vaccines developed against S. aureus mastitis have limited efficacy due to factors such as improper
immunization schedules, ineffective adjuvant formulation, and the limited range of protection.

•It is important to find a vaccine capable of protecting against a wide range of strains since multiple strains can be
present within a herd and within an individual cow.

•Bovine mastitis cannot be completely eradicated due to its endemic nature, the large number of microorganisms
that can cause the disease, and the ubiquity of these pathogens.

10
 • E. coli vaccination was effective in the case of environmental
PRESENTATION TITLE

mastitis and showed a higher annual benefit per cow in

comparison with a non-vaccine approach.

• E. coli J5 is one existing vaccine for coliform mastitis and is

composed of whole antigens derived from J5 mutant strain of E.
coli. This vaccine showed some efficacy and proved to be able to
reduce the number and severity of coliform mastitis by 70–80%.

11
PRESENTATION TITLE

Biofilm based mastitis vaccine MASTIPEP™.

a new genre of effective mastitis vaccines

Against this backdrop of significance of biofilm in mastitis immunization, mastitis

vaccine incorporating strong biofilm producing S.aureus isolate was prepared
and investigated in rabbits, cows and buffaloes in the Department of Clinical
Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad.
• It was found that vaccine affected a significantly cure (89.9%) as well as
protection (100%) against S. aureus intramammary infection over the period of
1.5 months
7

• MASTIPEP™ Pentavalent
1. Staphylococcus aureus; strong biofilm
producing,
2. Staphylococcus aureus; highly
virulent
12 3. Escherichia coli
4. Streptococcus agalactiae
5. Corynebacterium pyogenes
PLANT-DERIVED
ANTIMICROBIALS
PRESENTATION TITLE

•Nanoparticles can be used as delivery vehicles for antimicrobial agents to treat bovine mastitis
infections.

•Silver nanoparticles have shown potential in inhibiting S. aureus isolated from subclinical mastitis and
can be used in combination with antibiotics such as erythromycin.

•Tilmicosin-solid lipid nanoparticles and amoxicillin nanoparticles have also been found to be
biologically active against S. aureus, E. coli, and S. agalactiae.

•Nitric-oxide nanoparticles were able to inhibit S. aureus and can be a low-cost and safe alternative to
overcome bacterial resistance development.

•Violacein nanoparticles were found to be more efficient against S. aureus than the free agent.

•Antimicrobial agents encapsulated in nanoparticles and controlled drug delivery are among potential
14
strategies to control and prevent bovine mastitis infections.
CYTOKINES
PRESENTATION TITLE

•Antibiotic resistance has led to investigation of immunotherapeutic

use of recombinant cytokines in treating bovine mastitis.

•Cytokines are small proteins with an important role in cell signaling.

•Recombinant bovine cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-c, and TNF-a

stimulate innate and acquired immunity in mammary gland.

•Enhanced immunity alone is not enough to prevent or treat bovine

mastitis.

•When combined with antibiotics, there is an additive effect, making

cytokines a possible adjuvant therapy for mastitis.

16
CYTOKINES
PRESENTATION TITLE

• Plants are a promising source of new biologically active agents with

antimicrobial action, which do not induce resistance after prolonged exposure.

18
PRESENTATION TITLE
• Diterpenes such as ent-copalic acid (CA) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC)
showed antibacterial potential against bovine mastitis pathogens without
inducing a cytotoxic effect on human fibroblast cell line.

• Propolis ethanolic extracts (EEP) demonstrated biological activity against

Staphylococcus aureus, a mastitis pathogen. However, milk components
affect the antimicrobial activity of EEP.

• Monolaurin, a food grade glycerol monoester of lauric acid found in

coconut oil, demonstrated antibacterial effect against S. aureus isolates
from bovine mastitis.

• Plant antimicrobial peptides (PAP) such as c-thionin and thionin Thi2.1

produced by bovine endothelial cells showed effectiveness against
19 intracellular S. aureus and worked as immunomodulators.
 THANK YOU

MIRJAM NILSSON​
MIRJAM@CONTOSO.COM | WWW.CONTOSO.COM