LEGISLATIVE

DEPARTMENT

BAPS 1-1
GROUP 1
 ART. VI., SEC. 1

SECTION 1. THE LEGISLATIVE POWER SHALL BE VESTED

IN THE CONGRESS OF THE PHILIPPINES WHICH SHALL
CONSIST OF A SENATE AND A HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT RESERVED
TO THE PEOPLE BY THE PROVISION ON INITIATIVE AND
REFERENDUM.

-The legislative power specially vested to the congress under the

constitution, it consist of 2 houses due to the bicameral set of
congress in the Philippines. It means that congress consist of 2
chambers, the upper house and the lower house. The upper house
consist of 24 senates and the lower house consist of at least 250
House of Representatives.
 ART. VI., SEC. 1

Limitations of power of the legislative branch, consist of 2:

1.Substantive limitations

Substantive limitations are the limit of congress to enact laws

that will not give comformity to the constitution

2.Procedural limitations

States that before such constitutional provisions, enactment of

laws will be done, it composed of difficult procedures before it
will be enacted and the constitution must find comformity from
such legislations.
 ART. VI., SEC. 2

SECTION 2. THE SENATE SHALL BE COMPOSED OF

TWENTY-FOUR SENATORS WHO SHALL BE ELECTED AT
LARGE BY THE QUALIFIED VOTERS OF THE PHILIPPINES,
AS MAY BE PROVIDED BY LAW.

-Senate will be the upper house of the Philippine

Congress composing of 24 senators that will be voted
by registered voters of the Philippines.

-Are you wondering why we only vote 12 senators

every 3 years?
 The first election of members of the congress on the second Monday (May 13) year 1987

1987

JUNE 30 1992

1 S T- 1 2 T H S E N AT O R S ( 6 Y E A R S ) ( F R O M 1 9 9 2 T O 1 9 9 8 )

1 3 T H - 2 4 T H S E N AT O R S ( 3 Y E A R S ) ( F R O M 1 9 9 2 T O 1 9 9 5 )

-There will be election in 1995 and those who get the highest votes from 1st-12th senatorial
race will serve for 6 years from 1995- 2001. Also in the 1998 group 3 years after the 1995 the
election will be done again, winners are with the term of 6 years from 1998 ending at 2004.
And cycle will continue based on the transitory provisions Article 18 of 1987 constitution.
 ART. VI., SEC. 3
SECTION 3. NO PERSON SHALL BE A SENATOR UNLESS HE
IS A NATURAL-BORN CITIZEN OF THE PHILIPPINES AND,
ON THE DAY OF THE ELECTION, IS AT LEAST THIRTY-FIVE
YEARS OF AGE, ABLE TO READ AND WRITE, A
REGISTERED VOTER, AND A RESIDENT OF THE
PHILIPPINES FOR NOT LESS THAN TWO YEARS
IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING THE DAY OF THE ELECTION.

-There are certain qualifications to be a senator in the ff:

1.Natural born citizen

2.At least 35 years of age on the day of the election
3.Able to read and write
4.A registered voter- in any district and province
5.Resident of the Philippines for not less than 2 years- any district
and province
 ART. VI., SEC. 4

SECTION 4. THE TERM OF OFFICE OF THE SENATORS SHALL BE SIX YEARS AND
SHALL COMMENCE, UNLESS OTHERWISE PROVIDED BY LAW, AT NOON ON
THE THIRTIETH DAY OF JUNE NEXT FOLLOWING THEIR ELECTION. NO
SENATOR SHALL SERVE FOR MORE THAN TWO CONSECUTIVE TERMS.
VOLUNTARY RENUNCIATION OF THE OFFICE FOR ANY LENGTH OF TIME
SHALL NOT BE CONSIDERED AS AN INTERRUPTION IN THE CONTINUITY OF
HIS SERVICE FOR THE FULL TERM OF WHICH HE WAS ELECTED.

-The term of the senators should be 6 years and cannot be reelected in 2

consecutive terms. It is noted that the senators can run for different office as
many times but he cannot serve in the senate for 2 consecutive terms.

- Vo l u t a r i l y r e n o u n c i a t i o n o r t h e r e j e c t i o n o f p o w e r s i s n o t a l l o w e d a f t e r t h e
candidate win the election
 ART. VI., SEC. 5

ARTICLE 6 SECTION 5.

(1) The House of Representatives shall be composed of not more than two hundred and fifty members, unless
otherwise fixed by law, who shall be elected from legislative districts apportioned among the provinces, cities,
and the Metropolitan Manila area in accordance with the number of their respective inhabitants, and on the
basis of a uniform and progressive ratio, and those who, as provided by law, shall be elected through a party-
list system of registered national, regional, and sectoral parties or organizations.

(2) The party-list representatives shall constitute twenty per centum of the total number of representatives
including those under the party list. For three consecutive terms after the ratification of this Constitution, one-
half of the seats allocated to party-list representatives shall be filled, as provided by law, by selection or
election from the labor, peasant, urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, women, youth, and such other
sectors as may be provided by law, except the religious sector
 ART. VI., SEC. 5

ARTICLE 6 SECTION 5.

(3) Each legislative district shall comprise, as far as practicable, contiguous,

compact, and adjacent territory. Each city with a population of at least two hundred
fifty thousand, or each province, shall have at least one representative.

(4) Within three years following the return of every census, the Congress shall
make a reapportionment of legislative districts based on the standards provided in
this section.
 ART. VI., SEC. 5

-The lower chamber of the congress compose of house of representatives

and party-list groups

-It composed of not more than 250 members combined of house of

representatives and party-list

2 PA RT S O F T H E L O W E R C H A M B E R S O F T H E C O N G R E S S -

A. District Representatives- they are the representatives among the

provinces, cities and metropolitan manila. Cities and provinces in every
district, the population must be at least 250,000 to have a 1
representative. The metropolitan manila divided by districts and those
districts must have at least 250,000 population too.
 ART. VI., SEC. 5

B. Party-list representatives-it compose of

the 12 percent of the total lower chamber of
the congress. The party-list groups are the
representatives of such sectors in the society
f o c u s i n g i n l a b o r, p e a s a n t , u r b a n b o o r,
indigenous communities, women, youth and
many more but not the religious sector
 ART. VI., SEC. 6
-Section 6. No person shall be a Member of the House of Representatives
unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Philippines and, on the day of
the election, is at least twenty-five years of age, able to read and write,
and, except the party-list representatives, a registered voter in the
district in which he shall be elected, and a resident thereof for a period
of not less than one year immediately preceding the day of the election.

C E RTA I N Q U A L I F I C AT I O N S T O B E A M E M B E R O F T H E H O U S E :
1.Natural born citizen
2.At least 25 years of age on the day of the election
3.Able to read and write
4.Registered voter- Unlike the senate, registered on their own district
5.Resident of their own district in the day of the election at least 1 year
 ART. VI., SEC. 7-8

Section 7. The Members of the House of Representatives shall be

elected for a term of three years which shall begin, unless
o t h e r w i s e p r o v i d e d b y l a w, a t n o o n o n t h e t h i r t i e t h d a y o f J u n e
next following their election. No Member of the House of
Representatives shall serve for more than three consecutive terms.
Vo l u n t a r y r e n u n c i a t i o n o f t h e o f f i c e f o r a n y l e n g t h o f t i m e s h a l l
not be considered as an interruption in the continuity of his
service for the full term for which he was elected.

S e c t i o n 8 . U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e p r o v i d e d b y l a w, t h e r e g u l a r e l e c t i o n
of the Senators and the Members of the House of Representatives
s h a l l b e h e l d o n t h e s e c o n d M o n d a y o f M a y.
 SECTION 9. In case of vacancy in the Senate or in the House of Representatives,
ART. VI., SEC. 9 a special election may be called to fill such vacancy in the manner prescribed by
law, but the Senator or Member of the House of Representatives thus elected
shall serve only for the unexpired term.

IN CASE We hold special election for two reasons:

OF First supposedly with the REGULAR

ELECTION but was DELAYED
VACANCY
Second a SPECIAL ELECTION will also
be held to ELECT a new official after the
predecessor left office.
ART. VI., SEC. 10
The salaries of Senators and Members
of the House of Representatives shall
be determined by law. No increase in
said compensation shall take effect
until after the expiration of the full Stated in Section 10 the rule of salary increase of the senators
term of all the Members of the Senate and members of the house of representatives, no increase in
and the House of Representatives their salaries shall take effect until after the expiration of the
approving such increase. full term of all the members.
SECTION 11. A Senator or Member of the House of Representatives shall, in
all offenses punishable by not more than six years imprisonment, be privileged ART. VI., SEC. 11
from arrest while the Congress is in session. No Member shall be questioned
nor be held liable in any other place for any speech or debate in the Congress or
in any committee thereof
PRIVILEGES
PRIVILEGE FROM ARREST ENJOYED BY
members of the congress cannot be arrested while congress is
still in session whether regular or special, the rule the offense
must not be punishable for more than six years of THE
imprisonment.
MEMBERS
LIMITATION OF THIS PRIVILEGE OF THE
Members of the congress is not immune from arrest in the following instances
·The offense committed is punishable for more than 6 years of imprisonment
·The congress is no longer in session CONGRESS
·The immunity is only with respect to arrest and not to prosecution for criminal
offenses
 ART. VI., SEC. 11

People of the Philippine vs. Romeo Jalosjos

November 16, 2001

The provision granting an EXEMPTION to Members of Congress as a SPECIAL

PRIVILEGE cannot be extended beyond the ordinary meaning of its terms. It may not be
extended by intendment, implication, or equitable considerations.
SECTION 11. A Senator or Member of the House of Representatives shall, in
all offenses punishable by not more than six years imprisonment, be privileged ART. VI., SEC. 11
from arrest while the Congress is in session. No Member shall be questioned
nor be held liable in any other place for any speech or debate in the Congress or
in any committee thereof
PRIVILEGES
PRIVILEGE OF DEBATE AND SPEECH
Members of the congress cannot be prosecuted for any words ENJOYED BY
spoken in the debate or in session. This enables them as the
representatives of the people to execute their function of their
office without fear of prosecution devil or criminal.
THE
MEMBERS
LIMITATION OF THIS PRIVILEGE OF THE
The immunity does not apply to the following instances.
·When the member is not acting as the member of the congress but in his personal capacity.
·When the member is being questioned in the congress itself CONGRESS
·The speech and debate must be made in performances of their due dates as members of the
congress this includes speeches delivered statements made vote cast as well as bills introduced
and other activities done in performance of their official duties
·Congress need not to be in session when the utterance is made as long as it forms part of the
legislation action the immunity applies.
 ART. VI., SEC. 12 SECTION 12. All Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives
shall, upon assumption of office, make a full disclosure of their financial and
business interests. They shall notify the House concerned of a potential
conflict of interest that may arise from the filing of a proposed legislation of
which they are authors

DISCLOSURE This provision speaks of duty to disclosed the following;

ASSETS
• Financial and business interest
• Potential conflict of interest that may arise from
filing or proposed legislation of which they are
authors
SECTION 13. No Senator or Member of the House of Representatives may hold any
other office or employment in the Government, or any subdivision, agency, or
ART. VI., SEC. 13
instrumentality thereof, including government-owned or controlled corporations or their
subsidiaries, during his term without forfeiting his seat. Neither shall he be appointed to
any office which may have been created or the emoluments thereof increased during the
term for which he was elected.
CONGRESSI
Members of the congress are prohibited to do the following:
ONAL
• prohibition against holding more than one position by
appointive officials or what we call INCOMPATIBLE OR
DISQUALIFI
PUBLIC OFFICES CATION
• Prohibition to be appointed to any office in the government
that has been created or the emoluments thereof increased
during the term or what we call FORBIDDEN OFFICE
 ART. VI., SEC. 14

This Provision can be broken down to several prohibitions:

OTHER • Prohibition to appear as a counsel before any court of justice

the Electoral Tribunals, or quasi-judicial and other
PROHIBITIONS administrative bodies.
• Prohibition against having any financial interest in any
contract with the government. Directly or indirectly.
• Prohibition to intervene in any matter before the office of the
government.
 ART. VI., SEC. 15

KINDS OF SESSIONS
R
E
S
P
E
X
SESSIONS
G E E
C
U C
U
L I
T
A A I
R L V
E
SECTION 16. (1) The Senate shall elect its President and the House of Representatives its Speaker, by a majority vote of
all its respective Members.
Each House shall choose such other officers as it may deem necessary.

(2) A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to do business, but a smaller number may adjourn from day to
day and may compel the attendance of absent Members in such manner, and under such penalties, as such House may
provide.

(3) Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly behavior, and, with the
concurrence of two-thirds of all its Members, suspend or expel a Member. A penalty of suspension, when imposed, shall
not exceed sixty days.

(4) Each House shall keep a Journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as
may, in its judgment, affect national security; and the yeas and nays on any question shall, at the request of one-fifth of
the Members present, be entered in the Journal.

Each House shall also keep a Record of its proceedings.

(5) Neither House during the sessions of the Congress shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three
days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.
 ART. VI., SEC. 17

needed in times of ELECTION CONTEST

ELECTORAL
TRIBUNAL

Which will be the sole

judge of all contests
relating to the election,
returns, and qualifications
HOUSE OF
of its members.
SENATE REPRESENTA
TIVES
 SUPREME
JUDGES
COURT
COMPOSITION,
POWERS
AND QUALIFICATION
SENATE OR OF
HOUSE OF
REPRESENTAT
IVES ELECTORAL
TRIBUNAL
TOTAL
MEMBERS

ART. VI., SEC. 17

 COMPOSITION, POWERS AND QUALIFICATION OF
ART. VI., SEC. 17 ELECTORAL
TRIBUNAL

CHAIRMAN
CONGRESSIONAL MEMBERS
Chosen on the basis of
P R O P O RT I O N A L
SENIOR
R E P R E S E N TAT I O N
JUSTICE
Political Parties Party-list Organization

THE DECISION OF ON THE BASIS OF

ELECTORAL EXCEPT: G R AV E A B U S E
I TSR IFBIUNNA
A LL OF
DISCRETION
 COMPOSITIO ART. VI., SEC. 18
N

COMMISSION
12 SENATORS ON
APPOINTMENT
Confirms or rejects political
12 MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE appointment made by the
President

SENATE
PRESID Ex-officio Chairman
ENT
 ART. VI., SEC. 18
POWE COMMISSION
ON
R APPOINTMENT

Commission shall rule by a

MAJORITY
VOTE members
Of all the

Chosen on the basis of

P R O P O RT I O N A L
CHAIRMAN R E P R E S E N TAT I O N
shall not vote except in Political Parties Party-list Organization
case of a ties.
 ART. VI., SEC. 19
COMMISSION ON APPOINTMENT
ELECTORAL
TRIBUNALshall be
constituted
The Electoral Tribunals and
the Commission on
within
Appointments shall be DAYS
constituted within thirty after the Senate and the House of Representatives shall
days after the Senate and have been organized with the election of the President
the House of and the Speaker.
Representatives shall have
been organized with the
election of the President IT MEETS
and the Speaker. ONLY
while the
CONGRESS
is inSESSION
at the call of its Chairman or a
majority of its members, to
discharge its powers and functions.
 ART. VI., SEC. 20

RECORDS and BOOKS OF

OF THE CONGRESS
A C C O U N T SHALL BE
PRESERVED AND BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC
IN ACCORDANCE WITH LAW RECORDS OF
CONGRESS
SUCH BOOKS SHALL BE AUDITED BY THE
OPEN TO PUBLIC
COMMISSION ON AUDIT;
Shall be published annually an itemized list of amounts paid and;

Expenses incurred for each member

CONGRESS IS ENJOINED BY THE

CONSTITUTION TO PRESERVE AND OPEN ITS
RECORDS AND BOOKS OF CCOUNTS TO THE
PUBLIC
- CONGRESS MAY PRESCRIBE BY LAW THE CONDITIONS
TO BE COMPLIED WITH IN THE EXERCISE OF THE RIGHT
OF INSPECTION OF ITS RECORDS AND BOOKS OF
ACCOUNTS.

- THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS WILL LIMIT THE

OPPORTUNITY TO MISAPPROPRIATE PUBLIC FUNDS.
ART. 3, SEC. 7, 1987 Philippine Constitution* Right to information on matters of
public concern

ART. VI., SEC. 20

 ART. VI., SEC. 21 LIMITATI ON THE
POWE
ONS of LEGISLATIVE
INVESTIGATION
R
POWER OF
LEGISLATIVE IT MUST BE CONDUCTED IN
AID OF LEGISLATION
INQUIRY AND Legislative inquiry is a powerful tool of the congress in order for it to perform
INVESTIGATION its function well.

IN ACCORDANCE WITH DULY

Section 21 authorizes each
House or any of its committees
to conduct inquiries
(investigations) in aid of
legislation.
PUBLISHED RULES
Each house of congress has their own rules governing their conduct of business
including legislative inquiry.
RIGHTS OF PERSONS APPEARING IN, OR AFFECTED BY THE
INVESTIGATION MUST BE RESPECTED
Legislative inquiry must be conducted with utmost care and respect for the
witness’ civil and constitutional rights.
 ART. VI., SEC. 21

POWER OF LEGISLATIVE
INQUIRY AND INVESTIGATION

INCIDENTA
L
POWER
Conducting any legislative investigation is a must order to get the desired
result. The senate and the House of Representatives including their
committees can punish any contumacious witness with detention as long
the session is ongoing.
 ART. VI., SEC. 22
the CONSENT of
PRESIDENT
the IS NOT NEEDED
WHEN THE POWER INVOKED
BY CONGRESS IS THE POWER OF
POWER TO
LEGISLATIVE
In INQUIRY
such cases department heads are mandated to appear before the QUESTION
congress if summoned.

THE ONLY EXCEPTION IS WHEN IT IS COVERED BY A

THE HEADS
PRIVILEGE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE OF
PRESIDENT AND HIS DEPARTMENT HEADS. DEPARTMENTS

Congress in the exercise of its oversight function can ask the presence of
department heads of the executive branch and question them on how they
are implementing the statutes and that were passed by Congress
 Distinction between
Section 21 and 22:

under
SECTION
21 the power to conduct inquiries in aid of legislation, the aim of which is to elicit
information that may be used in legislation

under
SECTION
22 the power to conduct question hour, the objective of which is obtain information in
pursuit of Congress’ oversight function.
 ART. VI., SEC. 23
CONCURRENCE OF BOTH HOUSES
THE CONSTITUTION GRANTS CONGRESS THE SOLE POWER TO
POWER OF DECLARE THE EXISTENCE OF A STATE OF ALTHOUGH SUCH IS NOT
LEGISLATIVE IN CHARACTER
CONGRESS The war concurrence of two thirds of both Houses in joint session
assembled, voting separately (not jointly) is required for the
TO DECLARE EXISTENCE exercise of this power. Sec. 23(1)
OF A STATE OF WAR

EXISTENCE OF WAR BEFORE DECLARATION

BY CONGRESS
Which will be the sole
judge of all contests While the responsibility to make the declaration rests on Congress,
relating to the election, the President, may bring about a state of affairs that Congress may
returns, and qualifications be left with no alternative but to recognize and declare the existence
of its members. of a state of war.
 ART. VI., SEC. 23

DELEGATION OF EMERGENCY POWERS

-SECTION 23(2) IS AN EXCEPTION TO THE RULE THAT THE CONGRESS MAY NOT
DELEGATE ITS LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY TO ANY OTHER OFFICE, AGENCY, OR ENTITY.

- CONSTITUTION PERMITS CONGRESS TO GRANT LEGISLATIVE POWERS TO THE PRESIDENT, SUBJECT TO

CERTAIN CONDITIONS AS FOLLOWS:

THE EMERGENCY POWERS MAY BE GRANTED BY LAW TO THE PRESIDENT ONLY IN TIMES OF WAR,
OR OTHER NATIONAL EMERGENCY.

The said powers must be exercised only during a limited period

They must be exercised subject to such restrictions as the Congress may prescribe

Must be exercised to carry out a national policy as declared in the law delegating the authority

Shall automatically cease upon the next adjournment of Congress

 LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Power of
Appropriation
The authority of the Congress to approve the release of
public funds from the national treasury.
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF APPROPRIATION LAW

A. General Appropriation Act (GAA)

• passed on an annual basis
• covers the annual operating requirements or funds
of all agencies and departments

B. Special Appropriation Act

• disbursement of public funds for a special or
particular purpose
• not included in the General Appropriation Act
 ARTICLE VI, SECTION 24

"All appropriation, revenue or tariff bills,

bills authorizing increase of the public
debt, bills of local application, and private
bills shall originate exclusively in the
House of Representatives, but the Senate
may propose or concur with
amendments.""
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

NUMEROUS IN MEMBERSHIP

REPRESENTATIVE OF THE PEOPLE

 Limitations on
Power of Appropriation

SECTION 25. (1) The Congress may not increase the

appropriations recommended by the President for the
operation of the Government as specified in the budget.
The form, content, and manner of preparation of the
budget shall be prescribed by law.
 Limitations on
Power of Appropriation

SECTION 25. (2) No provision or enactment shall be

embraced in the general appropriations bill unless it
relates specifically to some particular appropriation
therein. Any such provision or enactment shall be limited
in its operation to the appropriation to which it relates.
 Limitations on
Power of Appropriation

SECTION 25. (3) The procedure in approving

appropriations for the Congress shall strictly follow
the procedure for approving appropriations for other
departments and agencies.
 Limitations on
Power of Appropriation

SECTION 25. (4) A special appropriations bill shall

specify the purpose for which it is intended, and shall
be supported by funds actually available as certified
by the National Treasurer, or to be raised by a
corresponding revenue proposed therein
 Limitations on
Power of Appropriation

SECTION 25. (5) No law shall be passed authorizing any transfer

of appropriations; however, the President, the President of the
Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court, and the heads of Constitutional
Commissions may, by law, be authorized to augment any item in the
general appropriations law for their respective offices from savings
in other items of their respective appropriations.
 Limitations on
Power of Appropriation

SECTION 25. (6) Discretionary funds appropriated for

particular officials shall be disbursed only for public
purposes to be supported by appropriate vouchers and
subject to such guidelines as may be prescribed by law.
 Limitations on
Power of Appropriation

SECTION 25. (7) If, by the end of any fiscal year, the Congress
shall have failed to pass the general appropriations bill for the
ensuing fiscal year, the general appropriations law for the
preceding fiscal year shall be deemed reenacted and shall
remain in force and effect until the general appropriations bill is
passed by the Congress.
 Limitations on
Power of Appropriation

SECTION 29. (1) No money shall be paid out of the Treasury

except in pursuance of an appropriation made by law.
 Limitations on
Power of Appropriation

SECTION 29. (2) No public money or property shall be appropriated,

applied, paid, or employed, directly or indirectly, for the use, benefit, or
support of any sect, church, denomination, sectarian institution, or system
of religion, or of any priest, preacher, minister, or other religious teacher,
or dignitary as such, except when such priest, preacher, minister, or
dignitary is assigned to the armed forces, or to any penal institution, or
government orphanage or leprosarium.
 Limitations on
Power of Appropriation

SECTION 29. (3) All money collected on any tax levied for a
special purpose shall be treated as a special fund and paid out for
such purpose only. If the purpose for which a special fund was
created has been fulfilled or abandoned, the balance, if any, shall
be transferred to the general funds of the Government.
 LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Power to Concur in Treaties and

International Agreements

The power vested to the Congress, particularly to the

Senate to ratify treaties and international agreements.
 ARTICLE VII, SECTION 21 OF 1987 CONSTITUTION

"No treaty or international

agreement shall be valid and
effective unless concurred in by
at least two-thirds of all the
members of the Senate."
 LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Plenary Powers
The complete and absolute power of the Congress to take
action on a particular issue, with no limitations.
PHILIPPINE LAW-MAKING PROCESS
 ARTICLE VII, SECTION 26 (1)

"Every bill passed by the Congress shall

embrace only one subject which shall be
expressed in the title thereof."

Hodge-podge or Log-rolling refers to any

legislation that have several subjects on
unrelated matters combined together.
ARTICLE VII, SECTION 26 (1)
ARTICLE VII, SECTION 26 (1)
PHILIPPINE LAW-MAKING PROCESS
PHILIPPINE LAW-MAKING PROCESS
PHILIPPINE LAW-MAKING PROCESS
 ARTICLE VI, SECTION 26 (2)

(2) No bill passed by either House shall become a law

unless it has passed three readings on separate days,
and printed copies thereof in its final form have been
distributed to its Members three days before its
passage, except when the President certifies to the
necessity of its immediate enactment to meet a public
calamity or emergency. Upon the last reading of a
bill, no amendment thereto shall be allowed, and the
vote thereon shall be taken immediately thereafter,
and the yeas and nays entered in the Journal.
ARTICLE VI, SECTION 26 (2)
ARTICLE VI, SECTION 26 (2)
PHILIPPINE LAW-MAKING PROCESS
 PRESIDENTIAL ACTION

1. Signed by the President

• Once the President signs the bill, it will become a law.

2. Presidential Veto
• The President has the power to refuse to approve the
proposed bill. S/he has to communicate it to the House of
Origin.
• The House of Origin can override the presidential veto by
garnering two-thirds vote of all the Members of both
Houses, voting separately.

3. Presidential Inaction
• If the President failed to sign or veto the bill within 30 days,
it will automatically become a law, as if the President signed
it.
 ARTICLE VI, SECTION 28

SECTION 28. (1) The rule of taxation shall be uniform

and equitable. The Congress shall evolve a progressive
system of taxation.

(3) Charitable institutions, churches and parsonages or

convents appurtenant thereto, mosques, non-profit
cemeteries, and all lands, buildings, and improvements,
actually, directly, and exclusively used for religious,
charitable, or educational purposes shall be exempt from
taxation.
 LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Initiative and
Referendum
• Initiative - it is the right of the people to directly propose and enact laws.
• Referendum - it is a right reserved to the people to adopt or reject any act
or measure which has been passed by the legislative body.
 ARTICLE VI, SECTION 32

"The Congress shall, as early as possible, provide for

a system of initiative and referendum, and the
exceptions therefrom, whereby the people can
directly propose and enact laws or approve or reject
any act or law or part thereof passed by the Congress
or local legislative body after the registration of a
petition therefor signed by at least ten per centum of
the total number of registered voters, of which every
legislative district must be represented by at least
three per centum of the registered voters thereof."
 LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Power of
Impeachment
The power of the Congress to remove and disqualify a high
public official from office due to an offense or wrongdoing.
 Officials removable
by Impeachment
Article XI Section 2 provided the list of officials removable by impeachment,
they are:

• President
• Vice President
• Members of the Supreme Court
• Chairmen and Members of Independent Constitutional Commissions
• Ombudsman
 Grounds for Impeachment

• Culpable violation of the Constitution

• Treason
• Bribery
• Graft and Corruption
• Other High Crimes
• Betrayal of Public Trust
 Impeached Officials

Former President Former Chief Justice Office of the Ombudsman

Joseph Ejercito Estrada Renato Corona Merceditas Gutierrez