MA/MSC GEOGRAPHY PART1

GROUP 2
• AKASH ARUN GUDEKAR
• ANKIT KUMAR SARANGI
• ARMA ALAM
• ASHWINI KOLI
• SONALI JADHAV
 INTRODUCTION TO AFRICA

• AFRICA IS THE SECOND LAEGEST CONTINENT ON THE PLANET

• IT HAS AN EXTREMELY DIVERSE GEOGRAPHY
• THERE ARE 54 COUNTRIES IN AFRICA TODAY ACCORDING TO THE
UNITED NATIONS

 DID YOU KNOW ?

 THE SAHARA DESERT WHICH IS LOCATED IN THE AFRICA IS THE
LARGEST DESERT IN THE WORLD
 IT IS AS BIG AS THE SIZE OF USA
 MOST OF THE WORLDS GOLD AND UNCUT DIAMONDS COME FROM
AFRICA
 REGIONAL DIVISION OF AFRICA

 THE UN STATISTICS DIVISION HAS SUBDIVIDED THE AFRICAN CONTINENT IN FIVE

REGIONS.

NORTHERN AFRICA : MOSTLY THE SAHARA DESERT

WESTERN AFRICA : MUCH OF THE SAHEL, A GRASSLAND THAT SEPARATES THE

SAHARA FROM THE SAVANNAS, OR THE TROPICAL GRASSLANDS.

CENTRAL AFRICA : MOSTLY RAIN FOREST, ESPECIALLY IN THE CONGO BASIN.

EAST AFRICA : RIFT VALLEY FOREST, FORMED WHEN EARTH’S CRUST SEPARATED.

SOUTHERN AFRICA : THE KALAHAR DESERT.

 MAJOR ISSUES HIGHLIGHTED
o DEBT – AS OF 2021, THE TOTAL EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT IN AFRICA REACHED US $726.55
BILLION DOLLARS.
o INEQUALITY – AFRICA IS THE MOST UNEQUAL CONTINENT IN THE WORLD.
o POVERTY – AFRICA IS CONSIDERED THE POOREST CONTINENT ON THE EARTH. ALMOST EVERY
SECOND PERSON LIVING IN THE STATES OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN AFRICA LIVES BELOW THE
POVERTY LINE.
o POOR EDUCATION – ILLITERACY AND THE LACK OF QUALITY EDUCATION IS THE MAIN REASON
WHY AFRICA REMAINS IN POVERTY.
o POOR HEALTH CARE - LESS THAN 52% SOME 615 MILLION PEOPLE HAVE TO ACCESS TO THE
HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
o VIOLENCE & TERRORISM - AFRICA WILL ALSO CONTINUE TO FACE THE THREAT OF VIOLENT
EXTREMISM IN THE SAHEL & CHAD , SOMALIA , NIGERIA , NIGER.
o ECONOMIC GROWTH - AFRICA’S ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IS EXPECTED TO EXPAND BY A MODERATE
2.7% IN 2023.
 SOCIO CULTURAL ISSUES IN AFRICA

 MOST OF TODAY’S INDEPENDENT AFRICAN NATIONS ARE DEALING

WITH ECONOMIC, EDUCATIONAL AND POLITICAL PROBLEMS

WHY AFRICA IS POOR ?

 DESPITES ALL OF AFRICA’S WEALTHY RESOURCES , AFRICA IS THE
POOREST CONTINENT ON EARTH.
 OVER 300 MILLION PEOPLE IN AFRICA LIVE ON LESS THAN $1 A DAY.
 THOSE SAME 300 MILLION DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO CLEAN WATER.
 1/3 OF POPULATION IS MALNOURISHED.

RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS
NOTORIOUS EXAMPLES ARE THE ISLAMIST TUAREG REBELLION SINCE
2012 IN MALI, THE BOKO HARAM UPRISING IN NIGERIA AND THE
CONFLICT WITH THE AL-SHABAAB MILITIA IN SOMALIA.
 NO INFRASTUCTURE

HEALTH ISSUES
EPIDEMICS DISEASES ARE KILLING AFRICA’S PEOPLE IN HUGE NUMBERS.
 CHOLERA
 MALARIA
 HIV – AIDS
 SARS CoV-2
 ECONOMIC ISSUSES OF AFRICA

• UNEMPLOYMENT,UNDEREMPLOYMENT
• HIGH RATE OF INFLATION
• LACKLUSTRE ECONOMIC GROWTH
• LOW INVESTMENT IN INFRASTRUCTURE
• LIMITING EFFORTS TO DIVERSIFY ECONOMIC STRUCTURES AND
BOOST GROWTH
• A NUMBER OF COUNTRIES RECENTLY EMERGED FROM CIVIL WAR
THAT HAVE SEVERELY SET BACK THEIR DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS
• FISCAL CRISIS
• DEVLOPMENT POLICIES ARE CHANGING DUE TO POLITICAL WARS
 LEARNINGS & CONCLUSION

 MINERAL WEALTH AND NATURAL BEAUTY DO NOT EQUAL PROSPERITY

 LACK OF PROSPERITY DOES NOT EQUAL UNHAPPINESS
 HARD WORK ALONE DOES NOT MAKE YOU RICH
 IT TAKES A VILLAGE TO RAISE SOMEONE.
 WE ARE WHO WE ARE BECAUSE OF OTHER PEOPLE.
 POWER WITHOUT CHECKS AND BALANCES CORRUPTS PEOPLE AND RUINS
NATIONS.
 HOW TO SUCCEED IN THE FACE OF HARDSHIP.
 GOVERNMENT IS NOT THE ANSWER TO EVERYTHING.
 GOD MADE AN AMAZINGLY BEAUTIFUL WORLD.
IT IS NOT ABOUT CHARITY,
IT IS ABOUT SHARITY………
THANK YOU