UNIVERSITY BDT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING , DAVANGERE.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

MAIN PROJECT PHASE-1 PRESENTATION ON

“IoT BASED POWER GENERATION FROM NONDEGRADABLE WASTE

FOR IRRIGATION”

PRESENTED BY:

PAVITHRA N G 4UB19EC046
POOJA C P 4UB19EC047
POOJA N 4UB19EC048
PRAVEENA H Y 4UB19EC049

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

DR SRIDHARMURTHY S K
PROFESSOR
 CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 LITERATURE SURVEY
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
 OBJECTIVES
 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
 METHODOLOGY
 RESULTS
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSION
 FUTURE SCOPE
 REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION
 In a Thermal System (TS), the heat energy is converted into
electric power. The electricity-generating process’s exceedingly
high cost is reduced through non-renewable energy and delivers
significant environmental effects.

 In a thermal solar system, the solar energy is converted into

electricity through photovoltaic cells embedded in a solar panel.
Waste-based power generation delivers higher efficiency if
handling in an optimum way.

 The positive part of this project is that, the node used to connect
the system to your smart device, also controls the flow of water
from the pump and also the timing intervals in between the
irrigation cycles.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
Sl no. Authors Year Title Source Summary of
finding
1. H. Z. Hossain, 2014 Municipal Solid Renewable Among other non-
conventional methods of
Q. H. Hossain, Waste (MSW) As A and power generation, the
M. M. U. Source of Renewable Sustainable thermo-electric process
Monir and M. Energy in Bangladesh Energy is a thriving one. Due to
the usage of
T. Ahmed, : Revisited. Reviews nanotechnology for
building the
thermoelectric modules,
the figure of merit and
efficiency are increased

2. K. Karthick, S. 2019 Experimental Energy for Authors show a reliable

Suresh, G. C. Investigation of Solar Sustainable thermal model for a
thermoelectric generator
Joy and R. Reversible Power Development using a heat sink
Dhanuskodi Generation in integrated with a thermal
Thermoelectric energy storage unit for
solar reversible power
Generator (TEG) generation of
Using Thermal thermoelectric
Energy Storage. components
 
Sl no. Authors Year Title Source Summary
of finding
3. X.Niu, Y. Jianlin, and S. 2009 Experimental Journal of Numerous
techniques of
Wang Study on Low- Power Sources thermoelectric
Temperature power generation
Waste Heat based on different
Thermoelectric geographical zones
are in the literature.
Generator. A parallel-plate heat
exchanger is utilized
to produce
electricity from
wastes

4. G. Chen, X. Wang, J. 2019 Environmenta Science of the Municipal

Li, B. Yan, Y. Wang, l, Energy, and Total solid wastes
X. Wu, R. Economic Environment. with sewage
Velichkova, Z. Analysis of sludge-based
Cheng and WG. Ma. Integrated thermal power
Treatment of generation are
Municipal presented in
Solid Waste this paper.
and Sewage
Sludge:A Êse
study in China
Sl no. Authors Year Title Source Summary
of finding
5. ] J. F. Perrot and A. 2018 Municipal Sustainability The environmental
Subiantoro Waste impacts in four
different categories
Management
are described in
Strategy detail. Municipal
Review and waste management
Waste-to- and Waste-to-
Energy Energy potentials
Potentials in in New Zealand
New Zealand. are discussed in
this paper.
6. A. Kumar and S. R. 2017 A Review on Journal of In this paper
Samadder Technological Waste authors present
Options of Management, a survey on
Waste to waste to energy
Energy for as a potential
Effective alternative
Management source of
of Municipal energy and
Solid Waste show the
technique as
economically
viable and
environmentally
sustainable.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Producing energy using non-biodegradable waste reduces cost

required for other conventional way of production, stored energy
is used for many applications and CO2 is harmful to environment
which will utilized for irrigation system in the proposed system.
 OBJECTIVES

• Reduce the non-biodegradable waste in the environment.

• Come out of conventional method of energy generation
• Reduce the cost of production
• Reduce the amount of CO2 in the environment
 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

 Arduino UNO
 Thermocooler generator
 Heat sink
 Soil moisture
 Humidity sensor
 GSM Module
 Motor pump

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

 Arduino IDE
 Embedded C Programming
 SYSTEM HARDWARE
 ARDUINO UNO

• The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board

based on the ATmega328.

• It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6

can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog
inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header,
and a reset button.

• It contains everything needed to support the

microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with
a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR
• Thermoelectric power generation is based on a
phenomenon called “See beck effect “discovered
by Thomas See beck in 1821.

• TEG is solid state semiconductor that converts

temperature diff into a useful DC power source.

• The basic building block is thermocouple.

• The junctions connecting the thermo elements

between the hot and cold plates are interconnected
using highly conducting metal (e.g. copper) strips
• As we provide heat to thermocouple, the charge carriers in the
semiconductor diffuses from heater side to cooler side.

• Electrons on the hot side of a material are more energized than on

the cold side. These electrons will flow from the hot side to the cold
side. If a complete circuit can be made, electricity will flow
continuously.

• Semiconductor materials are the most efficient, and are combined in

pairs of “p type” and “n type”. The electrons flow from hot to cold
in the “n type”, while the holes flow from hot to cold in the “p
type.” This allows them to be combined electrically in series.
 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

• It will control the amount of water to

be supplied with the help of a simple
mechanism involving a Water Pump
and a Microcontroller.

• The probe has two exposed

conductive plates that will act as a
variable resistor.
HUMIDITY SENSOR
• DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor
features a temperature & humidity sensor
complex with a calibrated digital signal output.

• It uses capacitive humidity sensor and a

thermistor to measure and sends digital signal.

• It is an electronic device that measures humidity

in its environment and converts into electrical
signals.
 GSM MODULE

• A GSM module or a GPRS module is a chip or circuit that will be used to

establish communication between a mobile device and a GSM or GPRS
system.

• . GSM modems are used in mobile telephones and other equipment that
communicates with mobile telephone networks.  
 MOTOR PUMP

• This is a low cost, small size Submersible Pump Motor which can be
operated from a 3 ~ 6V power supply.

• It can take upto 120 liters per hour with very low current consumption of
220mA.
HEAT SINK

• A heat sink  is a passive heat exchanger that

transfers the heat generated by an electronic
or a mechanical device to a fluid medium,
often air or a liquid coolant, where it
is dissipated away from the device, thereby
allowing regulation of the device's
temperature.

• . A heat sink is usually made out of

aluminium or copper.
 SYSTEM SOFTWARE
TOOL:ARDUINO IDE

• It connects to the Arduino hardware to upload

programs and communicate with them.

• The Arduino IDE is an open-source

software, which is used to write and upload
code to the Arduino boards.

• The IDE application is suitable for different

operating systems such as Windows, Mac
OS X, and Linux. It supports the
programming languages C and C++. The
program or code written in the Arduino IDE
is often called as sketching.
LANGUAGE : EMBEDDED C

• Embedded C is most popular programming language in

software field for developing electronic gadgets. Each
processor used in electronic system is associated with
embedded software.
• In embedded system programming C code is preferred over
other language. Due to the following reasons:
• Easy to understand
• High Reliability
• Portability
• Scalability
 METHODOLOGY

Figure 01:Block Diagram of a Proposed System

• A thermocooler generator (TEG), is a solid state device that
converts heat flux directly into electrical energy through a
phenomenon called the Seebeck effect.
• The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion
of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa
via a thermocouple.
• The Seebeck effect is when electricity is created between a
thermocouple when the ends are subjected to a temperature
difference between them.
• The electricity generated from the TEG is stored in the battery.
• Excess of heat is given to heat sink.
• The power stored in the battery is used for the purpose of
Irrigation.
• Agricultural field is monitored using a Water Pump and a
Microcontroller.
• It consists of two parts: The main Sensor and the Control
Board.
• Sensor part of the Soil Moisture Sensor consists of a couple of
conductive probes that can be used to measure the volumetric
content of water in soil.
• The output of the sensor is given to the Arduino which
monitors the field.
• The co2 released from burning of the non biodegradable waste
is dissolved in the water which is used for irrigation.
 RESULTS

The project has been implemented and we have generated

4.4V from one peltier element by burning some amount of
waste .From this stored voltage we can pump the water.
 ADVANTAGES

• Smart city concept achieved

• Less pollution
• Better yield of crops
• Less cost
• Reduce of non-biodegradable waste in environment.

 DISADVANTAGES

• Still some amount of plastic waste will be there after process

 CONCLUSION

Environmental effects can be reduced by generating a power from

the non degradable waste.C02 released during the burning of waste
is utilized in Irrigation system which again contributes to
environment. Our project provides a way to come out of
conventional method of energy generation. Our project also reduces
the cost of production.
 FUTURE SCOPE

• Improved Efficiency
• Waste Sorting Technology
• Use of Advanced Fuels
• Integration with Other Energy Sources
• Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)