Good Day!

G10- students!
Are you oKAYE?
Here starts the
lesson!
DIAL A WORD!
 INSTRUCTION:
Using the keypad
phone, find out the Code: 555-666-888-33
Answer: L-O-V-E
secret words by
unlocking the given
codes below.
1

777-33-7777-33-2-777- Answer: RESEARCH

222-44
2

777-33-7777-33-2-777- Answer: RESEARCH

222-44-7-2-7-33-777 PAPER
3

2-22-7777-8-777-2-
222-8 Answer:
ABSTRACT
4

444-66-8-777-666-3-
88-222-8-4-666-66 Answer:
INTRODUCTION
5

555-444-8-33-777-2-
8-88-777-33 Answer:
LITERATURE REVIEW
777-33-888-444-33-
9
6

44-999-7-666-8-44- Answer:
HYPOTHESIS
33-7777-444-7777
7

Answer:
6-33-8-44-666-3- METHODOLOGY
666-555-666-4-999
8

7-666-7-88-555-2-8- Answer:
POPULATION
444-666-66
9

7777-2-6-7-555-33 Answer:
SAMPLE
10

888-2-777-444- Answer:
2-22-555-33 VARIABLE
11

444-66-7777-8-777- Answer:
INSTRUMENT
88-6-33-66-8
12

3-2-8-2 Answer:
DATA
13

777-33-7777-88-
555-8 Answer:
RESULT
14

3-444-7777-
Answer:
222-88- DISCUSSION
7777-7777-
444-666-66
15

222-666-66-222-
555-88-7777-444- Answer:
CONCLUSION
666-66
16

777-33-333-33-777-
33-66-222-33 Answer:
REFERENCE
17

2-7-7-33-66-3-444-
99 Answer:
APPENDIX
 IDENTIFYING
TERMS USED IN
RESEARCH
 RESEARCH
 Research is an art of scientific
investigation. It is a careful and detailed
study into a specific problem, concern, or
issue using the scientific method. It is
regarded as a systematic effort to gain
new knowledge.
 Research is defined as the creation of new
knowledgeand/or existing knowledge in a
new and creative way to generate
understandings.
 RESEARCH PAPER

It is a type of academic writing that

provides an in-depth analysis,
evaluation, or interpretation of a
single topic, based on empirical
evidence.
Specific- It should maintain its
focus on the given subject of
research.
Measurable - It must contain
proven research, and cites all
research sources and related
literature
Attainable- It must provide a
thesis statement, one that
answers a research question
and contributes knowledge of
the given subject.
Realistic- It is made to
present interpretations
arguments,evaluations, it
should have a valid
evidence
Time- It cannot be written
without the researcher
knowing the limits, time
framesand the focus of the
required work.
Terms Used in
Research
 ABSTRACT
• It is a short summary of your
compelled research.

• It is intended to describe your

work without going into detail
 IMRaD Structure
 Introduction
 Methods
 Results
 Discussion
• GOAL: Your abstract should
describe the purpose of your work,
the methods you’ve used, and the
conclusions you’ve drawn.
 INTRODUCTION
• You start by clearly defining the purpose of you
research.

• GOAL: It establishes the scope, context,

and significance of the research being
conducted by:
• Summarizing current understanding and
background information about the topic.
• Stating the purpose of the work in the form of the
research problem supported by a hypothesis or a set
of questions.
• Explaining briefly the methodological approach
used to examine the research problem.
• Highlighting the potential outcomes your study
can reveal.
• Outlining the main structure and organization of
the paper.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
• It provides an overview of sources you have explored
including books, scholarly articles and any other sources
relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory to
demonstrate to your readers how your research fits within
larger field of study.
• Concept- term that abstractly describes and names an
object, a phenomenon or idea
• Theory- organized body of concepts and principles
intended to explain a particular phenomenon
 HYPOTHESIS
• It is a statement of expectation or prediction that will be
tested by research. It is commonly known as the
researcher’s intellectual guess or wild guess about
possible result of the study.
 Null hypothesis (Hᴏ)-predicts no
effect or no relationship between the
variables
 Alternative hypothesis (Hɑ)- states
your research prediction of an effect
or relationship
 HYPOTHESIS
Title : The difference in achievement in English
10 between male and female in Solsona
National High School
Question: Is there any significant difference in
the achievement in English 10 of male and
female students in Solsona National High
School?
Null hypothesis (Hᴏ)- There is no significant
difference in the achievement in English 10 of
male and female students in Solsona National
High School
Alternative hypothesis (Hɑ)- There is
significant difference in the achievement in
English 10 of male and female students in
Solsona National High School
 METHODOLOGY
• It simply refers to the practical “how” of a research study.
• It is about how a researcher systematically designs a study to
ensure valid and reliable results that address the research
aims objectives and research questions
GOAL:
It is where the researcher will decide:
What data to collect (qualitative or quantitative)
Who to collect it from (sampling strategy)
How to collect it (data collection method”)
How to analyze it ( this is called “data analysis methods”)
 Quantitative Method
• It focuses on numbers ,such as measurements or counts.
• It is called formal, systematic process in which numerical
data was used to obtain information
• It examines relationship among variables
Example:
 A drug abuser telling you how many pills they consume per week
 Measuring the length of a flower’s stem
 Recording the temperature of greenhouse
 Qualitative Method
• It uses words instead of numbers to display data.
• It focuses on feelings not numerical data
• Utilizes interviews, written information, and observations to measure the
significant relationship between the variables.
• Observation is basedon the observer’s subjective interpretations of what
they hear, see, smell, taste or feel.
• Provides detailed information about the behavior, attitudes, perceptions
and experiences of individuals or groups.
Example:
 A drug abuser telling you how they feel about abusing drugs.
 Studying the behavior of the students at a local after-school program
 POPULATION
• It refers to the entire group of your interest that you
want to draw conclusions about.

SAMPLE
• It is a smaller part or subgroup of the population.
• It refers to group of individuals who will participate in
your study. They are the ones who will answer
surveys or interviews.
 Why is Sampling
 necessary?
To bring the population
 To reduce cost
to a manageable number

 To help in minimizing error from the respondence

due to large number in the population
 Sampling helps the researcher to meetup with the
challenge of time..
 In sampling, we have the respondents, participants and subjects.

 Respondents - answer or reply to the questionnaire. It is

usually used in quantitative research.
 Participants- participates and answer the questions in
qualitative studies (interviews, focus groups). it generally
gives more detailed answers that the respondents would in a
survey.
 Subjects- the people in the researcher’s experiment
 VARIABLE
• It is any factor, trait, or condition that can be
manipulated, controlled for, or measured in an
experiment.
TWO TYPES OF VARIABLE:
• Independent variable- the variable in the
experiment that is easily manipulated or changed. It
assumed to have a direct effect on the dependent
variable.
• Dependent variable- the variable that responds to
the changes, it is being tested or measured. It is
dependent on the independent variable.
Example:
Hypothesis: Quality of sleep affects academic
performance.
Independent variable: quality of sleep
Dependent Variable:academic performance
 INSTRUMENT
• In research, instrument is a tool that you may use to
obtain data, and analyze data that is relevant to the
subject of your research.
The format may consist of:
 Questionnaires
 Surveys
 Interviews
 Checklists
 Simple tests
• A good research instrument is the one that has been
validated and has proven reliability. It should be one that
can collect data in a way that’s appropriate to the research
question being asked.
 DATA
• It is any information that has been collected
observed, generated or created to validate original
research findings.
RESULTS
• The section of research
paper where the authors
provide the data collected
during their study.
 DISCUSSION
• It is the section of research paper whose purpose is to
interpret and describe the significance of your findings in light
of what was already known about the research problem being
investigated.
The objectives of Discussion is to:
• Reiterate the Research problem/ state the major findings
• Explain the meaning of the findings and why they are important
• Relate the findings to similar studies
• Consider alternative explanations of the findings
• Acknowledge the study’s limitations
• Make suggestions for further research
 CONCLUSION
• It is intended to help the readers understand why
your research should matter to them after they have
finished reading the paper.
The objectives of conclusion is to:
 Restate the research problem addressed in the paper
 Summarize your overall arguments or findings
 Suggest the key takeaways from your paper
 REFERENCE
• It is the last page of a research paper that lists all
the sources you used in your study. It gives credits
to authors you have consulted for their ideas.

APPENDIX
• It serves as a space for materials that help clarify
your research. This is where the researchers attach
a copy of their research instrument such as
interview transcripts, questionnaires or surveys.
THANK YOU!
Here ends the
lesson!
abstract reliability
concept research
gap sampling
introduction scope
methodology theory
problem validity
qualitative variable
quantitative