MORPHOLOGY

Root, Base, and Stem

Group 2 :
Ananda Audy .S.
Aurell Nathalie
Muhamad Rasyid .S.
Putri Fadillah
Siti Zahra NurHaliza
INFLECTIONAL AFFIXES
inflectional affix is an affix that expresses a
grammatical contrast that is obligatory for
its stem's word class in some given
grammatical context.

For example :

- Look + ed (past tense verb) = looked

- Hat + s (plural) = hats

 DERIVATIONAL
AFFIXES

Derivational affix is a word-formation that not

only creates new meaning but also causes
word class changing.

For example :
- Create + ive = creative
- Poison + ous = poisonous
 01 ROOT

Root is the core of word that is irreducible into

more meaningful elements. It is a word form
that remains after removing all affixes.
For example : run, eat, talk
 02
BASE
Base is a part of word structure to which an
affix may be added. Affix that could be added
to Base is limitless, meaning it is possible for
either derivational or inflectional affix to be
attached to a Base.
 Example :
How to deconstruct the word 'Majority’?

Majority (Word Form)

- Major = base of Majority
- Major = root of Majority

From this example, because we can't divide

'Major' into much smaller part, it acted as both
base and root of 'Majority'.
 03 STEM

Stem is the part to which the last affix is

added. the affix is usually inflectional.
- All stems are bases but not all bases are
stems
- Stem = root + inflectional affix
 Example :
How to deconstruct the word “ Walks ’?

Walks (Word Form)

- Walk = stem of Walks
- Walk = root of Walks

From this example Walk acts as both stem,

and root of Walks
THANK YOU