SWINE:

REPRODUCTION
SWINE PRODUCTION

JASKHEM B. LAZO PV2D

ANATOMY OF REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
OF SWINE
Reproductive tract of Boar and sow
concept of a sow's Estrous cycle
• 1. Non-seasonal and polyestrous
• 2. Estrous cycle: 18-24 days(21 days average)
• 3. Behaviorally anestrus during pregnancy
• 4. Ovulatory estrus is usually not seen in lactating sow
• 5. Gonadotropin (Partial weaning) treatment induce estrus during
• lactation
• * Results are inconsistent and not economical
• 6.Normal uterine physiology re-established by 20-25 days
• postpartum
concept of a sow's Estrous cycle
• 7. Most sows exhibit estrus 3-7 days after weaning
• 8. Estrus in gilts and post-weaning anestrus sows are initiated by
• exogenous hormones
• *Note: Exogenous hormones should not be used at long term solution
in addressing reproductive inefficiency
•
factors Affecting ovarian activity
• 1. Length of Lactation
• 2. Nutrition
• 3. Body condition
• 4. Genetics
• 5. Other management practices
• * NOTE: ESTRUS of:
• - GILT(~36-48 hrs.) - SOW(≥48-72 hrs.)
signs of estrous in swine
• 1. Mounting • *NOTES:

• 2. Fence walking • - Ovulation generally occurs in mid to

late estrus
• 3. Vocalizing • - ~15-25 ova are released over a period
• of 1-4 hrs
4. Tilted ears
• - Ovulation rate INCREASES over the
• 5. Kyphosis FIRST FOUR PARITIES and
DECREASES when Gilts or sows are
• 6. Vulvar swelling UNDERNOURISHED
• 5. Vaginal discharge • - Behavioral changes are mostly
observed when a sownor gilt is exposed
directly to the sight, sound, odor and
attention of a mature boar
standing heat in pigs
• 1. Rigid • HEAT DETECTION
METHODS:
• 2. Immobile
• 1. Haunch pressure test
• 3. Receptive when exposed to boar
• • 2. Riding the back test
*NOTE:
• -Physical changes such as vulvar • 3. Teaser boar method
swelling and vaginal discharge are • 4. Semen on the snout test
often unreliable because it
commonly appear to develop 2-3
days before estrus
ANESTRUS- COMMON PROBLEM IN SWINE
- THE FIRST LITTER OR THE EARLY WEANED SOW
ARE USUALLY
VULNERABLE TO POST WEANING ANESTRUS

GENERAL GUIDELINES TO MINIMIZE NEGATIVE

EFFECT OF EARLY WEANING ON SOW
REPRODUCTION
Recommended weaning time:
- Not less than 14-16 days into lactation- Primaporpous sow
- Not less than 12-14 days into lactation- Sows in their second
litter
- Not less than 9-11 days into lactation- Sows on their third
 HORMONAL CONTROL OF ESTROUS CYCLE

-Sows: GnRH analogue is administered 83-96 hours after weaning

-Breeding of both Gilt and Sow is then performed 20-33 hours after the GnRH administration
(depends of the product and the route of administration)

-Exogenous prostaglandin induces luteolysis of corpus luteum only after day 12 of estrous
cycle(not practical agent for estrous cycle control)
*NOTE: Estrus may be synchronized by induction of abortion in sows pregnant >15 days by
administration of PG5 ²a

-Estrus maybe synchronized by feeding altrenogest 15-20 mg PO daily for 14-18 days with estrus
being a served 4-9 days after last dose with appropriate boar exposure

-Combinatuin of eCG & hCG may be given on the day of progestragen withdrawal to better
synchronized estrous
THANK YOU SO MUCH DR. TRICIA!
Submitted and prepared by: Jaskhem B. Lazo PV2D
Submitted to: Dr. Tricia Lagumen Lukban, DVM