Introduction to Anatomy

Aizaz
Demonstrator Surgical
KMU-IPMS Peshawar
What is anatomy

Anatomy is the branch of science that deals with the study of the
structure of plants and animals.

HUMAN ANATOMY

Human anatomy is the study of the structure of different parts and

organs of the human body and also the interrelation of various
structures that constitute these parts and organs.
 HISTORY OF ANATOMY

Anatomy is a Greek term which means to cut up.(Ana= excessive, tomy

=cutting)

The word was created in the ancient times when the knowledge of
anatomy developed as a result of cutting up ( Dissection) of the animal
as well as human anatomy.
HISTORY OF ANATOMY

The Greek physician Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.E) Known as

“Father of Medicine” Wrote Several books on anatomy and
considered the “The founder of anatomy”

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E) Famous Greek philosopher also

wrote on the anatomy of human body and regarded as the 1st
person who use word “Anatome”.
Galen (129-200)
A Greek Physician work in Rome bring
anatomical findings in organized written
Form .His observation was based mainly
on Animals dissections hence contain
many errors . However Galen writings
were accepted to be undisputable for
about 1300 years.
Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)
A Belgian Biologist considered to be father of modern anatomy
.his work on Human anatomy titled De Humani Corporis
Fabrica Libri Septein ( Seven book on the structure of the
human body) was Publish in the year 1543.

his writings received wide acceptance because they were

based on 1st hand experience of dissection on Human bodies

Following the work of Vesalius anatomy began to Grow and

soon become established as a fundamental medical Science.
 BRANCHES OF ANATOMY
GROSS ANATOMY (Macroscopic anatomy)

The study of those structure of human body that can be distinguished with naked eye
without the help of any visual aid like lens or microscope.

HISTOLOGY (Microscopic anatomy)

The branch of anatomy that deals with the study of finer details of body structures with
the help of microscope.

EMBRYOLOGY ( Developmental anatomy)

The branch of anatomy which deals with the study of human development before birth.
BRANCHES OF ANATOMY

REGIONAL ANATOMY (Topographical anatomy)

The branch of anatomy in which we study specific portion or regions of the body. E.g.
Head an neck, Trunk, Limbs

SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY

“ The study of the anatomy of specific systems of the body is called systematic
anatomy.”
 It is different from regional anatomy because most of the systems of the body are not limited to
specific regions . For example Cardiovascular system reaches every part of human body and to
study this system all region of the body have to be explored.
 BRANCHES OF
ANATOMY
FUNTIONAL ANATOMY

Correlation of the function of any organ or part of the body with its
structure is called functional anatomy.

SURFACE ANATOMY

Surface anatomy deals with the relationship of deeper structures to the

surface of the body.
With the help of this various deeply located structures can be marked on the skin
surface E.g. Heart , lungs, stomach, vessels.
BRANCHES OF
ANATOMY
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY

Comparison of the anatomy of human beings with that of other

animals is called comparative anatomy.

RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY

This branch of anatomy deals with the study of the structure of

human body by various imaging Techniques. E.g. X Rays . MRI, CT Scan.
BRANCHES OF ANATOMY

SURGICAL ANATOMY

This branch of anatomy involves the study of those anatomical facts

which are of practical value to the surgeons.

APPLIED ANATOMY (Clinical anatomy)

Application of the knowledge of anatomy for the diagnosis and

treatment of diseases is called applied anatomy