About the Organization

 The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental

organizationwas established on 24 October 1945 to
promote international co-operation.
 A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the
organization was created following the Second World
War to prevent another such conflict.
 At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are
now 195.
 The UN Headquarters is situated in Manhattan, New
York City.
 The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary
contributions from its member states.
 Works in affiliation with Six official Languages:
 Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian & Spanish.
UN Headquarters
 The Charter of the UN
 The United Nations Charter is the treaty that forms and establishes
the international organization called the United Nations.
 It was signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco, at the conclusion of
the United Nations Conference on International Organization, and
came into force on 24 October 1945.
 The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of
the Charter.
 Purpose
 To take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal
of threats to the peace.
 To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the
principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples.
 To achieve international co-operation in solving international
problems of an economic, social,
 cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and
encouraging respect for human rights
 and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race,
 Objectives of UN

 Maintaining international peace and security

 Promoting human rights

 Fostering social and economic development

 Developing friendly international relations among world

nations

 Providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural

disaster, and armed conflict.
 Solving international problems of any nature (economic,
cultural, social)
 Principles of the UN

 All Member States have sovereign equality.

 All Member States must obey the Charter.

 Countries must try to settle their differences by peaceful

means,

Countries must avoid using force or threatening to use force.


 The UN may not interfere in the domestic affairs of any
country.
 Countries should try to assist the United Nations.
 Organizational Structure of the UN

Six Principal organs of the UN:

- the General Assembly

- the Secretariat

- the Security Council

- the International Court of Justice

- the Economic and Social Council

- the Trusteeship Council

 THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Main function: Assessing member
countries and
deciding on the budget
 The only organ where every member
state is represented.
 Consists of committees
 Convene annually in September, special
sessions can also be held
 Voting on important questions or
recommendations on eace and
security,budgetary concerns and
election, admission, suspension or
expulsion Of members — is by a two-
thirds majority Of those present and
voting.
 THE SECRETARIAT

 Includes an international staff working in

duty stations around the world.
 Primarily has an administrative function
 The Secretary General holds office for five
years per term.
 Current Secretary General is António
Guterres, the ninth Secretary-General of
the United Nations, took office on 1st
January 2017.
 It services the other principal organs of the
United Nations and administers -the
programmes and policies laid down by
them.
 The Secretariat has around 43,000 staff
members around the world.
 THE SECURITY COUNCIL

 UN's most powerful organ

 It deals With threats to international
peace and security
 It has 15 members, 5 of which are
permanent: the USA, China, Russia,
Britain and France
 Permanent members have veto power
when the Council decides on important
issues.
 Its powers include the establishment of
peacekeeping operations, the
establishment of international sanctions,
and the authorization of military action
through Security Council resolutions.
 THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

 The principal judicial organ of the UN

 Based in the Hague, Netherlands
 Consists of 15 judges elected by the
General Assembly and Security Council
 Applies international law
 Its main functions are to settle legal
disputes submitted to it by states and to
provide advisory opinions on legal
questions submitted to it.
 No appeals can be made by parties to its
judgment.
 THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
COUNCIL (ECOSOC)
 Central platform for debate, and innovative
thinking on sustainable development.
 The principal body for coordination, policy
review, policy dialogue and recommendations
on economic, social and environmental issues,
as well as for implementation of the
internationally agreed development goals.
 ECOSOC engages a wide variety of
stakeholders — policymakers,
parliamentarians, academics, major groups,
foundations, business sector representatives
and 3,200+ registered non-govemmental
organizations
 The work of the Council is guided by an
issue-based approach.
 THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL
 Established to help ensure that trust
territories were administered in the best
interests of their inhabitants and of
international peace and security.
 Authorized to examine and discuss
reports from the Administering
Authority on the political, economic,
social and educational advancement of
the peoples of Trust Territories.
 In consultation with the Administering
Authority, to examine petitions from
and undertake periodic and other
special missions to Trust Territories.
UN Trade Facilitation
Assistance
United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD)
 Governed by its 195 member States
 United Nations established in 1964 is the body responsible for
dealing with development issues, particularly international
trade.
 Forum where representatives of all countries can freely engage
in dialogue and discuss ways to establish a better balance in
the global economy.
 Its work can be summed up in three words: think, debate, and
deliver.
 It produces often-innovative analyses that form the basis for
recommendations to economic policymakers.
 The aim is to help policy makers take informed decisions and
promote the macroeconomic policies best
 suited to ending global economic inequalities and to
generating people-centred sustainable development.
United Nations Commission on International
Trade Law (UNCITRL)
 The core legal body of the United Nations system in the field of
international trade law.
 Established by the United Nations General Assembly by its
Resolution 2205 (XXI) of 17 December 1966.
 UNCITRAL's business is the modernization and harmonization of
rules on international business. UNCITRAEs membership
comprised 60 states.

 Functions:
 Establishing and maintaining a close collaboration with the UN
Conference on Trade and development.
 Promoting ways and means of ensuring a uniform interpretation
and application of international conventions and uniform laws in
the field of the law of international trade.
 Technical assistance in Law Reform Projects.
 Challenges to the United Nations

 International Peacekeeping

 Protecting Human Rights

 International Disputes

 Removing Poverty

 Eradicating anti social elements in different parts of the

world