Computer Aided Modelling and Analysis Laboratory 20ME68

Analysis of:
“Bars of Constant
Area”
 Problem Statement
Problem Statement
For the simple steel bar of cross-sectional area 500mm2,length 900mm and the
Young’s modulus E=2.1×105 N/mm2 ,Determine the following when it is subjected to
the following loads “P”:
1. Tensile load of P= 800N
2. Compressive Load of P=700N
a) Reaction force
b) Element stress P
c) Deformation
Assume Poison’s ratio of 0.3 900 mm
Problem Statement
Analysis
• Problem Domain: Structural
• Element type & its geometry: Bar
of Uniform Cross sectional Area.
• Material and Young’s Modulus:
Steel, E =2.1e5
• Cross Sectional Area: 500mm2
• Length of the Element: 900mm
• Magnitude & Nature of the Load:
800 N tensile and 700N Compressive.
 Parameters to be Determined

Reaction Force Stress in the

Deformation
(R) bar (σ)
Problem Solution by Strength of Material Approach
 Calculation of Reaction Force

Consider Tensile load of P = 800N Consider Compressive load of P = 700N

Rx Fx Rx Fx

Considering sum of forces in X -direction Considering sum of forces in X -direction

Σ𝐹x = 0 Σ𝐹x = 0
𝑅x+ 𝐹x = 0 𝑅x- 𝐹x = 0
𝑅x = -800𝑁 𝑅x = 700𝑁
 Calculation of Stress

Consider Tensile load of P = 800N Consider Compressive load of P = 700N

Stress induced in the Bar: Stress induced in the Bar:

F =800N F =700N
A= 500mm2 A= 500mm2
= 1.6 Nmm-2 = 1.4 Nmm-2
 Calculation of Deformation

Consider Tensile load of P = 800N Consider Compressive load of P = 700N

Deformation of the Bar: Deformation of the Bar:

P =800N P =-700N
L = 900mm L = 900mm
A= 500mm2 A= 500mm2
E= 2.1e5 Nmm-2 E= 2.1e5 Nmm-2

𝛿𝑙= 6.857 × 10-3 𝑚𝑚 𝛿𝑙= - 6× 10-3 𝑚𝑚

Problem Solution through ANSYS
 ANSYS-APDL Procedure
Ansys Utility Menu
• File – Clear and Start New-Do not Read File – ok –Yes
• File – Change job name-enter ‘uniformbar’ – ok
• File- Change Title-Enter “Analysis of Bars of Uniform Cross Section”- Ok
• Click - SaveDB

• Main Menu : Materials

• Preferences- Structural-Ok.
• Preprocessor- Element type –Add/Edit/Delete-Element types-Add-Link-3D Finit
stn 180-Close.
• Preprocessor-Material Props-Material Models- Structural –Linear-elastic-Isotropic-
EX: 2.1e5 (Youngs Modulus) –PRXY: 0.3(Poisson’s ratio)- Close.
• Preprocessor-Sections-Link-Add-Section ID=1, enter Section Data: Link Area = 500
(Cross sectional area)-Ok.
 ANSYS-APDL Procedure

Main Menu: Model Creation

• Preprocessor- Modelling-Create-Nodes-In Active CS:
• Node Number: 01-Location in Active CS: 0,0,0 (X,Y,Z).
• Node Number: 02-Location in Active CS: 900,0,0 (X,Y,Z).
• Preprocessor-Modelling – Elements-Auto Numbered- Thru Nodes- Pick Nodes-Pick
Node 1 and 2-Ok.

Main Menu: Load Application

• Preprocessor-Loads-Define Loads-Apply-Structural-Displacement-On Nodes-Pick
Node 1-DOFs to be constrained-All DOF-Displacement Value: 0- Ok.

(To apply the axial load of 800 N on node 2 in X direction, type the below command in the command
Prompt and click enter)
• Command Prompt-f,2,FX,800.
 ANSYS-APDL Procedure
Solution
• Solve-Current LS-Ok-Solution is Done-Close.

General Post Processor

• Element table - Define table -Add - ‘Results data item’ -By Sequence num -LS -
LS1 - ok - close. (Type the command Set, Last in the command prompt before
defining the element table)

• Plot Results- Deformed Shape- Def+Undeformed -Ok- Record deformation Value

:DMX =0.00687

• List Results-Reaction Solu- All Items-Ok-Record the Reaction force: FX =-800N

• Ansys Main Menu - General Post Processor - Plot Results - Contour Plots–Line
Element Results – LS1 - Ok (stresses are displayed as SMX, note it down).
Record the stress value: 1.6Nmm-2
Results:

Problem Parameters Analytical Numerical Error

Type Approach Approach
Bar with 1.Reaction -800 N -800N 0
Constant Force 6.857 × 10-3 0.006857 0
Deformation plot Cross 2.Deformation 1.6MPa 1.6MPa 0
Sectional 3.Stress
Area

Stress plot
 ANSYS-APDL Procedure

For Compressive Load follow the same procedure with P value as given in the
problem statement.

Compressive Load to be given as: f,2,FX,-700