II.

Focus on Task Performance and Structure

Cynthia R. Alarios
Presenter
 FREDERICK
WINSLOW TAYLOR
 Scientific management theory is a
method of improving efficiency in
the workforce.
 The scientific method consists of
three steps: observation,
experimentation, and analysis.
 1. Scientific Management
• Science, not rule of thumb
• Harmony, not discord
• Cooperation not individualism
• Maximum output not restricted output
 HENRI FAYOL
Father of Modern Management
Theory
Functions of Management
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Commanding
4. Coordinating
5. Controlling
 2. Administrative Theory
• Division of work
• Authority and Responsibility
• Discipline
• Unity of Command
• Unity of Direction
• Subordination of individual interest
• Remuneration
• Centralization
• Scalar Chain
• Order
• Equity
• Stability of tenure
• Initiative
• Esprit de Corps
 MAX WEBER
 Bureaucracy- a system of
government in which most
of the important decisions
are made by state officials
rather than by elected
representatives.
 3. Bureaucratic Model
• Hierarchy of Authority -A systematic hierarchy in the organization
defining the position of each employee from top to the lowest level.

• Division of Labor- The whole work should be assorted into smaller

task sets to ascertain that every tasks is assigned to the right person

• Rules & Regulations - There should be clear set of principles,

procedures, rules and regulations in written form to be followed
universally in the organization.
• Impersonal Orientation- Decisions must be based on
rational and practical grounds rather than emotional or
impersonal influence to avoid favoritism or nepotism.

• Career Orientation- there is a system of promotion

according to seniority, achievement or both.
4. Organizational Structure
4.A Simple Structure

An organizational model
with relatively few or no
levels of middle
management between the
executives and the
frontline employees.
 Advantages vs. Disadvantages
• Increased leader control • More leader responsibilities
• Improved efficiency • Less employee autonomy
• Elevated responsibility • Possible confusion
• Easier decision making • Lacks of specialists
• Fewer budget costs. • Limited growth
4.B Hierarchical System

It contains a direct
chain of command
from the top of the
organization to the
bottom.
 Advantages vs. Disadvantages
• Clearly defined career path and • It can be costly
promotion path • Slower decision-making
• Department loyalty • Poor communication
• Efficient leadership and • Department rivalry
communication
• Delegation of authority
• Encourages specialization
 References
• Das, U., Mishra, A., 2019, Management Concepts and Practices
• https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/search?
q=divisional+organizational+structure
• https://penpoin.com/organizational-structure-by-product/
• https://www.villanovau.com/resources/leadership/scientific-management-
theory-explained/#:~:text=Scientific%20management%20theory%20is
%20a,observation%2C%20experimentation%2C%20and%20analysis.