ASAP

Amity School of Architecture and Planning

B.Plan Program, Semester-6 2023 Batch
Research Methodology in Planning [PLAN347]

Relevance of published papers and publication

ethics
 Peer reviewed papers ASAP

Peer review is like quality control.  You should be able to trust the scholarship of
the research because the publication has been vetted by a group of experts

Peer review is the process by which research is assessed for quality, relevancy, and
accuracy.  In a peer-reviewed, or refereed journal, each manuscript submitted to the
publisher is first reviewed (usually) anonymously by a group of experts - peers in
the same field of study. These reviewers assess the quality of the research, the
accuracy of the findings, and the relevancy of the research to the journal or
profession.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOCQZ7QnoN0&t=1s&ab_channel=libncsu
Peer reviewed papers ASAP
 Relevance of papers published in ASAP

peer-reviewed journal

Peer review helps prevent the publication of flawed research papers.

Flawed research includes:

•made-up findings and hoax results that do not have a proven scientific basis.
•dangerous conclusions, recommendations, and findings that could harm
people and society.
•plagiarized work, meaning that an author has taken ideas or results from
other researchers.
 Relevance of papers published in ASAP

peer-reviewed journal

1. Importance to the scientific community and readers

Peer review is important because it serves to uphold the quality of the

literature as well as advance the scientific knowledgebase. In theory, peer
reviewers serve to filter out poor research. As a result, readers may put
more faith in what they read in scientific journals since the published work
has already been vetted by a “peer” who has expertise in the field.

However, as peer reviewers cannot pick up all cases of fraudulent work and
poor research, the honus still lies on authors to submit good quality work.
 Relevance of papers published in ASAP

peer-reviewed journal

2. Importance to authors

The purpose of peer reviewing is not just to filter poor research, but also to
improve it. Providing comments and suggesting revisions to authors is with
the intent of improving the ultimately finished product. This is often an
invaluable tool for authors since it allows them to produce a more polished
and rigorous piece of work.
 Relevance of papers published in ASAP

peer-reviewed journal

4. Awareness of the field

Peer reviewing allows access to a larger breadth of the scientific literature. It
also enables reviewers to read the most up-to-date research that others do not
yet have access to and before it is put into the public domain8. Being privy to
the latest developments in your research field can stimulate new ideas and
encourage innovative solutions to existing research.
 Relevance of papers published in ASAP

peer-reviewed journal

4. Awareness of the field

Peer reviewing allows access to a larger breadth of the scientific literature. It
also enables reviewers to read the most up-to-date research that others do not
yet have access to and before it is put into the public domain8. Being privy to
the latest developments in your research field can stimulate new ideas and
encourage innovative solutions to existing research.
 Publication ethics ASAP

Publication ethics are rules of conduct generally agreed upon when publishing

results of scientific research or other scholarly work. Generally it is a standard
 that protects intellectual property and forbids the re-publication of another's
work without proper credit. It also forbids the use of plagiarism of another's
efforts. Data and information published as original must, in fact, be
original.
 Publication ethics ASAP

A manuscript publication is made only after the ethical review is completed by one or two
different reviewers, who evaluated the work scientifically and must consider at least the
following aspects:
The avoidance of the risk of plagiarism and respect for intellectual property;
o

Respect for the rights of human subjects in research;

o

The identification of and dealing with allegations of research misconduct;

o

The identification of and dealing with manipulations of citations;

o

The disclosure of any conflicts of interest;

o

Withdrawal from the distribution of publications.

o
Ethical concerns ASAP
 Ethical concerns ASAP

What is Publication Misconduct?

•Plagiarism
•Fabrication
•Falsification
•Inappropriate Authorship
•Duplicate Submission
•Multiple Submissions
•Overlapping Publication
•Segmented Publication
 Ethical concerns ASAP

Research Misconduct: Research misconduct is defined as fabrication, falsification or plagiarism in proposing, performing or
reviewing research or in reporting research results. Research misconduct does not include honest error or differences of opinion.

Fabrication is making up data or results and recording or reporting them. is the construction and/or addition of data,
observations, or characterizations that never occurred in the gathering of data or running of experiments. Fabrication can occur
when “filling out” the rest of experiment runs, for example. Claims about results need to be made on complete data sets (as is
normally assumed), where claims made based on incomplete or assumed results is a form of fabrication.

Falsification: Falsification is the changing or omission of research results (data) to support claims, hypotheses, other data, etc.
Falsification can include the manipulation of research instrumentation, materials, or processes. Manipulation of images or
representations in a manner that distorts the data or “reads too much between the lines” can also be considered falsification
manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data or results. Removing/ Changing reading
in a series of experiment. Adding error bars to single measurements to suggest multiple measurements were performed.

Plagiarism : appropriation of another person’s ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit. most
common form of research misconduct. Researchers must be aware to cite all sources and take careful notes. Using or
representing the work of others as your own work constitutes plagiarism, even if committed unintentionally.
 Ethical concerns ASAP

Plagiarism softwares
Software Developer Notes
Indigo Stream
Copyscape Technologies, Ltd.
Targeted at website managers.

Grammarly Grammarly, Inc. Checks against ProQuest databases and (public) web pages.

Virginia Bioinformatics Submissions are limited to 1,000 words. Checking against abstract and titles in
HelioBLAST Institute Medline/PubMed.

iThenticate iParadigms
Submissions are checked against (public) online documents, a (private) shared
PlagScan PlagScan GmbH
repository, and the user's own (private) repository.

PlagTracker Devellar Rated as "Useless for academic purposes" by Plagiats Portal

Automatically stores uploaded texts (submitted for checking) in its own database.
Turnitin iParadigms

Unicheck Unicheck Pricing "per page" based on 137.5 words per nominal page.
Ethical concerns ASAP
Ethical concerns ASAP
 Ethical concerns ASAP

Inappropriate authorship: Authorship is not appropriately assigned based on the author’s contributions.

Duplicate submission/multiple submissions: practice of submitting the same manuscript or several manuscripts
with minor differences (e.g., differences only in title, keywords, abstract, author order, author affiliations, or a
small amount of text) to two or more journals at the same time, or submitting to another journal within an agreed
or stipulated period.

Overlapping publication: Overlapping publication refers to the practice of publishing a paper overlaps
substantially with one already published.

Segmented publication: Segmented publication refers to the practice of slicing data from a large study could
have been reported in a single paper, into different pieces and publishing them in two or more articles, all of which
cover the same population, methods, and question.
 Publication ethics ASAP

Responsibility of Authors and Contributors:

When a book, research article or other category of research output is authored by one person, it is implicit that all
the research work related to that publication was essentially carried out by that person, and he/she bears all
responsibilities.

In multi-authored publications, however, it becomes necessary to clearly identify contributions of each author so
that their responsibilities can be defined. In such publications, all the authors, however, have following collective
responsibilities.
•To be accountable for all aspects of the work to ensure that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any
part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved
•Final approval of the version to be published
•Each author should be able to identify which co-authors are
responsible for which specific part of the work
ETHICS in Science Education,
Publication ethics ASAP
 Publication ethics ASAP

Responsibilities of Authors
Originality: The authors should provide a statement corroborating to the originality of the study they have
submitted for consideration. It is not unusual for some journals to request the authors to provide copies of
reports on other studies (unpublished articles, manuscripts, and abstracts) related to the study under
consideration.

Honesty, Objectivity and Integrity: Authors must follow honesty, objectivity and integrity and avoid bias in
experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, and reporting data, results, methods and procedures in
all scientific communications. Fabrication, falsification, or misrepresentation of data is plainly unethical and
should not be resorted to. Trimming outliers from a data set without providing reasons or using an unsuitable
statistical technique to enhance the significance of results is unethical and not permitted.
 Publication ethics ASAP

Responsibilities of Authors
Conflict of Interest: Authors should disclose any conflict of interest (personal or financial) that may affect
research. Researchers should also avoid bias in peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, grant approval
and other aspects of research.

Openness: The authors should be willing to share data, results, ideas, tools, and resources, especially after
publication.

Respect for Intellectual Property: It is the authors’ responsibility to honor patents, copyrights, and other
forms of intellectual property. When privy to someone else’s unpublished data/research plans (as a reviewer,
editor or a visitor to a lab or member of audience at a lecture, etc.), one should not use the privileged or
confidential information and/or ideas for one’s own work without prior permission since this is ‘idea
plagiarism’. It is unethical to use unpublished data, methods, or results of others without permission. Due
credit should be given wherever required. Literature review should acknowledge relevant prior contributions
of other people in the field.
 Publication ethics ASAP

Responsibilities of Authors
Disclosures: It is mandatory for authors to be honest and objective when complying with journal submission
requirements. This entails disclosures about the originality of the content, each author’s actual contribution to
the study. Financial support and conflict of interest should be disclosed correctly.

Consent for Reuse of Published Material: Authors sometime may need to reuse data and/or images
previously published by themselves or others. Depending upon the copyright conditions of such material,
they may need to seek formal consent of the publisher and/or original authors; in those cases which are not
held under copyright, reuse
Publication ethics ASAP

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Publication ethics ASAP

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 ASAP

Thank you