Compounds and Molecules

Chapter 22 - notes
I. What are compounds?
A. Compound – substance made of
atoms of more than one element
bound together

1. Properties of the compound are

different from those of the
component elements
I. What are compounds?
2. Examples  sodium chloride

NaCl
 made from an alkali metal (soft and
shiny), and a halogen (poisonous
green gas)
I. What are compounds?
B. Chemical bond – the attractive
force that holds atoms or ions
together

 several types – some stronger

than others
I. What are compounds?
C. A compound always has the same
chemical formula

1. Chemical formula – shows the types of

elements, and number of atoms of each
element in the compound.

2. Compounds always have the same

elements in the same proportions
I. What are compounds?
3. Examples:

Water  H2O
1 oxygen atom
2 hydrogen atoms

Hydrogen Peroxide  H2O2

2 hydrogen atoms
2 oxygen atoms
I. What are compounds?
D. Chemical structure shows the bonding
within a compound

1. Chemical structure – arrangement of

bonded atoms or ions in a substance
 determines many properties

2. Bonds between any 2 atoms are always

straight
II. Models of compounds
 helps you “see” a structure

A. Ball and stick model

1. The ball represents the atom

2. The stick represents the bond

between two atoms
 Ball and Stick Model examples
H H
O O
O
H

H H O
C O H
H H
H
C
C
H H O C O
H
II. Models of compounds
B. Structural formula – a drawing
representing the structure

1. Chemical symbols represent atoms

2. Lines represent bonds

Structural Formula Models
II. Models of compounds
C. Space filling model

1. Shows the actual space

occupied by the atoms
2. Examples
Space Filling Model Examples
III. How does structure affect properties?
A. Compounds with network
structures are strong solids
1. Networks can be made of atoms
or ions

2. Network structures have strong

bonds

3. Strong bonds = high melting

point
Network Structures Examples
• 2. Examples:
III. How does structure affect properties?
B. Compounds can be made of molecules
1. Molecule – smallest unit of a
substance, formed of one or more
atoms bound together

 can be multiple atoms of the same

element bound together

 oxygen we breathe is O2
III. How does structure affect properties?
2. Attractions between two molecules is
lower than the attractions of the atoms
in
each molecule

3. Example: C12H22O11
 table sugar – the atoms are bound
together more strongly than any two
molecules would be to each other