IN FOCUS

Gender Equality Gender &

Development
Gender Mainstreaming
1
checking memory
your
What is
GENDER EQUALITY?
GENDERING

MANIPULATION GENDER
TASKING

CANALIZATION VERBAL
APPELLATION
 GENDERING PROCESSES ENSURE
THE PRACTICE OF GENDER ROLES

“The social and behavioral

norms which are widely
considered to be socially
appropriate for individuals of a
specific sex, within a particular
culture.” 
 PHENOMENON OF
MULTIPLE BURDEN

The performance or carrying out

of gender roles usually result to
what we call gender division of
labor. This pertains to the
allocation of differential tasks,
roles, responsibilities and activities
to women and men according to
what is considered socially &
culturally appropriate.  
 GENDER
RELATIONS

Behavior that is compatible with

cultural expectations is referred to
as gender-normative; behaviors
that are viewed as incompatible
with these expectations is called
gender non-conformity. (APA,
2012)
TRADITIONAL TRADITIONAL
PATRIARCHAL HEGEMONIC
FEMINITY MASCULINITY

1. Empathy 1.
Stoicism
2. Nurturer 2.
Provider
3. 3. Logical
Emotional
4. Kindness 4.
Strength
5. Passive 5. Active
TRADITIONAL TRADITIONAL
PATRIARCHAL HEGEMONIC
FEMINITY MASCULINITY

6. 6.
Submissive Domineerin
7. Looks 7. Power
g
8. 8.
Dependent Independent
9. 9. Public
Domestic
10. 10. Quiet
TRADITIONAL TRADITIONAL
PATRIARCHAL HEGEMONIC
FEMINITY MASCULINITY

11. 11.
Creative Analytical
12. Tactful 12. Blunt
13. Shy 13. Bold
14. 14. Leader
Follower
15. Refined 15.
 GENDER
STEREOTYPES

1. Sex Stereotypes
2. Sexual Stereotypes
3. Sex-Role Stereotypes
4. Compounded
Stereotypes
 GENDER
EQUALITY

Women and Men must enjoy

EQUAL opportunities, choices,
capabilities, power and knowledge
as equal citizens. Equipping girls
and boys, women and men with the
knowledge, values, attitudes and
skills to tackle gender disparities is
a precondition to building a
checking memory
your
What is
GENDER and
DEVELOPMENT?
GENDER MAINSTREAMING?
GENDER EQUALITY and
WOMEN’S
EMPOWERMENT
Plan 2019-2025
Philippine Commission on
Women
 GENDER and
POLITICS
Comparative Statistics
Elected Candidates by
Sex
2001 Male
Year 82.84 17.16
Female
%
2004 83.37 %
16.63
% %
2007 82.61 17.38
%
2010 81.44 %
18.56
% %
2013 79.75 20.25
 GENDER and
POLITICS

Despite women’s political

involvement, women in
power still make up less
than half of those elected.

- UP Center for Women

Studies, 2015
 GENDER and
POLITICS
Filipino voters often look
for someone who is
aggressive and assertive.
a) Sex-Role Stereotypes
b) Gendered Assumptions

“Gender Politics: More Female

Voters, but Fewer Women Running-
and Winning- in Elections” –
 GENDER and LAW

Violence Against Women

1. Physical Violence
2. Psychological Violence
3. Economic Abuse
4. Sexual Violence
 GENDER and LAW

1. RA No. 11862
(Expanded Anti-
Trafficking in Persons
Act of 2022)
2. RA No. 11861
(Expanded Solo Parents
Welfare Act)
3. RA No. 11930 (Anti-
Online Sexual Abuse or
 GENDER and LAW

4. RA No. 11648
(Stronger Protection
Against Rape and
Sexual Exploitation and
Abuse)
5. RA No. 11596 (An Act
Prohibiting the Practice
of Child Marriage)
 GENDER and LAW

6. RA No. 11210
(Maternity Leave
Credits)
7. RA No. 11148
(Kalusugan at
Nutrsiyon ng Mag-
Nanay Act)
8. RA No. 11313 (Safe
GENDER and LABOR

2015 UN World’s Women

Report

a) Pay Gap
b) Vulnerable Employment
c) Service Sector

“Occupation Segregation of
Women”
 GENDER and LABOR

1. Women make up 37.5%

(8.3 million) salaried workers
in PH.
2. Three out of five women
are underemployed. Of these
underemployed women, three
out five are in the service
sector.
3. Four out of five wage
earners are full time.
 GENDER and
LANGUAGE
Language is a potent tool
for how humans
understand and participate
in the world. It can shape
how we see the society. It
is part of culture.
Therefore, language is not
a neutral force; it enforces
ideas about people
 GENDER and
LANGUAGE
Many gendered
assumptions are present
when it comes to language.
Language defines men and
women differently as seen
in common adjectives
associated with these
genders.
 GENDER and
LANGUAGE
Violations of Gender-Fair
Language
1. Sexist-language
2. Unequal gender
relations
GENDER and HEALTH

Health Care and Health

Services
Maternal Health

Teenage Pregnancy
 GENDER and HEALTH

REPUBLIC ACT No. 10354

Responsible Parenthood and
Reproductive Health Act of
2012
“guarantees universal access
to all methods of family
planning, fertility
management, sexuality
education, and maternal care”
GENDER and SOCIETY

Chain of Love

Documentary:
Philippines’ Second
Largest Export Product-
Maternal Love
GENDER and SOCIETY

Tough Guise

Pop-Cultural Imagery
and Social Construction
of Masculine Identities
GENDER and SOCIETY

Trembling before God

Faith, Sexuality and

Religious
Fundamentalism
GENDER and SOCIETY

Sayaw ng Dalawang
Kaliwang Paa

Intersection &
Divergence between
Feminist and Gay
Concerns in the third
world context
GENDER NEEDS

1. Practical Gender
Needs

2. Strategic Gender
Needs
 GENDER NEEDS

Gender Mainstreaming
(inclusion of gender
perspective in all
policies)
 GENDER NEEDS

However, Philippine
gender literature only
assumes two genders
(man and woman), and
that one’s sex is the same
as one’s gender.

(Walby, 2015)
 NIKKI HALEY

“Some people think that you

have to be the loudest voice in
the room to make a
difference. That is just not
true. Often, the best thing we
can do is to turn down the
volume. When the sound is
quieter, you can actually hear
what someone else is saying.
And that can make a world of