Web Engineering LW PHP Part B

Web Technologies
Lecture PHP
Instructor
Dr. Mariam Rehman
Professor
Department of Information Technology, Government College University

Contents
• Conditional Statement
• Loop
• Array
• Cookies
• Echo & Print
• Print_r
Conditional Statement
• if statement - use this statement to execute

some code only if a specified condition is true
• if...else statement - use this statement to
execute some code if a condition is true and
another code if the condition is false
• if...elseif....else statement - use this statement
to select one of several blocks of code to be
executed
• switch statement - use this statement to select
one of many blocks of code to be executed
Conditional Statement---If Statement
• if (condition) code to be executed if condition is true;

1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <?php
4. $d=date("D");
5. if ($d=="Fri") echo "Have a nice weekend!";
6. ?>
7. </body>
8. </html>
Conditional Statement---
If… else Statement
• if (condition)
• code to be executed if condition is true;
• else
• code to be executed if condition is false;
1. <?php
2. $d=date("D");
3. if ($d=="Fri")
4. echo "Have a nice weekend!";
5. else
6. echo "Have a nice day!";
7. ?>
If more than one line should be executed if a condition is
true/false, the lines should be enclosed within curly braces:
1. <?php
2. $d=date("D");
3. if ($d=="Fri")
4. {
5. echo "Hello! ";
7. echo "See you on Monday!";
8. }
9. ?>
If more than one line should be executed if a condition is
true/false, the lines should be enclosed within curly braces:
1. <?php
2. $d=date("D");
3. if ($d=="Fri")
4. {
5. echo "Hello! ";
7. echo "See you on Monday!";
8. }
9. ?>
if...elseif....else Statement
Use the if....elseif...else statement to select one of several
blocks of code to be executed. if (condition)
code to be executed if condition is true;
1. <?php elseif (condition)
code to be executed if condition is true;
2. $d=date("D"); else
3. if ($d=="Fri") code to be executed if condition is false;

5. elseif ($d=="Sun")
6. echo "Have a nice Sunday!";
7. else
8. echo "Have a nice day!";
9. ?>
Switch Statement Cont.
Use the switch statement to select one of many blocks of
code to be executed.
switch (n)
{
case label1:
code to be executed if n=label1;
break;
case label2:
code to be executed if n=label2;
break;
default:
code to be executed if n is different from both label1
and label2;
}
Switch Statement
Use the switch statement to select one of many blocks of
code to be executed.
1. <?php
2. switch ($x)
3. {
4. case 1:
5. echo "Number 1";
6. break; 12. break;
7. case 2: 13. default:
8. echo "Number 2"; 14. echo "No number between 1 and
9. break; 3";
15. }
10. case 3: 16. ?>
11. echo "Number 3";
LOOP
• while - loops through a block of code while a

specified condition is true
• do...while - loops through a block of code once,
and then repeats the loop as long as a specified
condition is true
• for - loops through a block of code a specified
number of times
• foreach - loops through a block of code for each
element in an array
LOOP --- While Loop
• The while loop executes a block of code while a

condition is true.
1. <?php while (condition)
{
2. $i=1; code to be executed;
3. while($i<=5) }
4. {
5. echo "The number is " . $i . " ";
6. $i++;
7. }
8. ?>
LOOP --- do...while Statement
do...while statement will always execute the block

of code once, it will then check the condition, and
repeat the loop while the condition is true.
1. <?php
do
2. $i=1; {
3. do code to be executed;
}
4. { while (condition);
5. $i++;
7. } while ($i<=5);
8. ?>
For loop is used when you know in advance how

many times the script should run.
for (init; condition; increment)

1. <?php {
2. for ($i=1; $i<=5; $i++) code to be executed;
}
3. {
5. }
6. ?>
foreach loop is used to loop through arrays
• For every loop iteration, the value of the current

array element is assigned to $value (and the
array pointer is moved by one)
• so on the next loop iteration, you'll be looking at

the next array value.
1. <?php foreach ($array as $value)

{
2. $x=array("one","two","three"); code to be executed;
3. foreach ($x as $value) }
4. {
5. echo $value . " ";
6. }
7. ?>
Arrays
• A variable is a storage area holding a number or text.

The problem is, a variable will hold only one value.
• An array is a special variable, which can store multiple
values in one single variable.
In PHP, there are three kind of arrays:

A. Numeric array - An array with a numeric index
B. Associative array - An array where each ID key is
associated with a value
C. Multidimensional array - An array containing one or
more arrays
Arrays --- Numeric Arrays Cont.
• A numeric array stores each array element with a

numeric index.
• There are two methods to create a numeric array.
• Method 1: Index is assigned automatically (the index

starts at 0)
• Method 2: Assign index manually.

Arrays --- Numeric Arrays
• Method 1: Index is assigned automatically (the index

starts at 0)
– $fruits=array(“mango",“apple",“banana,“orange");
• Method 2: Assign index manually.

– $fruits[0]=“mango";
– $fruits[1]=“apple"; <?php
– $fruits[2]=“banana"; $fruits[0]=“mango";
$fruits[1]=“apple";
– $fruits[3]=“orange"; $fruits[2]=“banana";
$fruits[3]=“orange";
echo $fruits[0] . " and " . $fruits[1] . " are King
fruits.";
?>
Arrays --- Associative Arrays
An associative array, each ID key is associated with a

value.
Example 1:
$ages = array("Peter"=>32, "Quagmire"=>30, "Joe"=>34);
Or
• $ages['Peter'] = "32";
• $ages['Quagmire'] = "30";
• $ages['Joe'] = "34"; <?php
$ages['Peter'] = "32";
$ages['Quagmire'] = "30";
$ages['Joe'] = "34";
echo "Peter is " . $ages['Peter'] . " years old.";
?>
Arrays --- Multidimensional Arrays Cont.
• In a multidimensional array, each element in the

main array can also be an array.
• And each element in the sub-array can be an
array, and so on.
Example
$families = array( "Griffin"=>array ( "Peter", "Lois", "Megan"
), "Quagmire"=>array ( "Glenn" ), "Brown"=>array
( "Cleveland", "Loretta", "Junior") );
Arrays --- Multidimensional Arrays Cont.
• Array ([Griffin] => Array

• ( [0] => Peter
• [1] => Lois
• [2] => Megan
• )
• [Quagmire] => Array ( [0] => Glenn ) [Brown]
=> Array ( [0] => Cleveland [1] => Loretta [2] =>
Junior ) )
Output?
echo "Is " . $families['Griffin'][2] ." a part of the
Griffin family?";
Output
Is Megan a part of the Griffin family?
So what is the difference between
Basic Array and Associative Array?
e s
ki
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Cookies
• A cookie is often used to identify a user.

• A cookie is a small file that the server embeds on
the user's computer.
• Each time the same computer requests a page with
a browser, it will send the cookie too.
• With PHP, you can both create and retrieve cookie
values.
Cookies
• A cookie is often used to identify a user.

• A cookie is a small file that the server embeds on
the user's computer.
• Each time the same computer requests a page with
a browser, it will send the cookie too.
• With PHP, you can both create and retrieve cookie
values.
Cookies --- Create Cookie
• setcookie() function is used to set a cookie.

• setcookie() function must appear BEFORE the <html>
tag.
• The value of the cookie is automatically URLencoded
when sending the cookie, and
• automatically decoded when received (to prevent
URLencoding, use setrawcookie() instead).
Cookies --- Create Cookie
• Syntax: setcookie(name, value, expire, path, domain);

• <?php What you think about this?
• setcookie("user", "Alex Porter", time()+3600);

• ?>
OR
• <?php $expire=time()+60*60*24*30; setcookie("user",
"Alex Porter", $expire); ?>
Cookies ---
Retrieve a Cookie Value
PHP $_COOKIE variable is used to retrieve a cookie value.

1. <?php
2. // Print a cookie
3. echo $_COOKIE["user"];
4. // A way to view all cookies
5. print_r($_COOKIE);
6. ?>
Cookies ---
Retrieve a Cookie Value
• Use the isset() function to find out if a cookie has been set
1. <?php
2. if (isset($_COOKIE["user"]))
3. echo "Welcome " . $_COOKIE["user"] . "! ";
4. else
5. echo "Welcome guest! ";
6. ?>
Cookies ---
Delete a Cookie
• While deleting a cookie, make sure that the expiration

date is in the past.
1. <?php
2. // set the expiration date to one hour ago
3. setcookie("user", "", time()-3600);
4. ?>
Cookies ---
Delete a Cookie
• While deleting a cookie, make sure that the expiration

date is in the past.
1. <?php
2. // set the expiration date to one hour ago
3. setcookie("user", "", time()-3600);
4. ?>
What to do if browser does not support
cookies?
PHP Output--- ECHO and Print Cont.
• PHP echo and print both are PHP language constructs.

• A programming language construct refers to a built-in
feature of programming language.
• Both are used to display the output in PHP.

PHP Output--- ECHO Cont.
• echo is a statement i.e used to display the output. it can

be used with parentheses echo or without parentheses
echo.
• echo can pass multiple string separated as ( , )
• echo doesn’t return any value
• echo is faster than print
PHP Output--- ECHO Cont.
Example #1 Example #2
1. <?php
1. <?php
2.
2. 3. $name = “Web Engineering ";
3. $name=“Allah Bakhsh"; 4.
4. 5. $profile = "PHP Learners";
5. echo $name; 6.
7. $age = 21;
6. //or
8.
7. 9. echo $name , $profile , $age, "
8. echo ($name); years old";
9. 10.
10. ?> 11. ?>
PHP Output--- ECHO
1. <?php
2.
3. $name = “Allah Bakhsh ";
4.
5. $ret = echo $name;
6.
7. ?> We got Error because echo has no return type.
Output ?
Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_ECHO

PHP Output--- Print Cont.
• Print is also a statement i.e used to display the output. it

can be used with parentheses print( ) or without
parentheses print.
• print does not pass multiple argument
• print always return 1
• it is slower than echo
PHP Output--- Print Cont.
Example #1 Example # 2
1. <?php 1. <?php
2. $name=“Jannat Bibi"; 2. $name = “Janant Bibi";

3. $ret = print $name;
3. print $name;
4. //To test it returns or not
4. //or
5. echo $ret;
5. print ($name);
6. ?>
6. ?>
Output? Output ?
PHP Output--- Print
1. <?php
2. $name = “Derya Khan”;
3. $profile = "PHP Developer";
4. $age = 21;
5. print $name , $profile , $age, " years old";
6. ?>
Output?
Parse error: syntax error
Error because multiple argument are not allow for print

Guess!
What is Print_r in PHP?
print_r() displays information about a variable

in a way that's readable by humans.
References and Readings
• https://www.safaribooksonline.com/library/view/learning-php-
5/0596005601/ch04.html
• https://www.phptpoint.com/php-echo-print/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOuym4a7XjY
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I01XMRo2ESg
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JCvPnwpWVUQ&t=180s
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkcwvwwAZiA
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-X4XQkOR-k4
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cLUaBc8985g
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
oUXcTz1eEA&list=PL_c9BZzLwBRK-pdEkJHvsqd5yBDxvggbs
Assignment Cont.
• Have you check the difference between two
installation types?
• Installation through WAMP

• Installation separately IIS, MYSQL and PHP
Assignment Cont.
• Have you tried to use any of theses tools?
• Notepad++
• Dream Weaver
• Eclipse
• NetBeans

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Web Technologies

Department of Information Technology, Government College University

• if statement - use this statement to execute

• if (condition) code to be executed if condition is true;

4. echo "Have a nice weekend!";

• while - loops through a block of code while a

• The while loop executes a block of code while a

do...while statement will always execute the block

For loop is used when you know in advance how

for (init; condition; increment)

foreach loop is used to loop through arrays

• For every loop iteration, the value of the current

• so on the next loop iteration, you'll be looking at

1. <?php foreach ($array as $value)

• A variable is a storage area holding a number or text.

In PHP, there are three kind of arrays:

• A numeric array stores each array element with a

• Method 1: Index is assigned automatically (the index

• Method 2: Assign index manually.

• Method 1: Index is assigned automatically (the index

• Method 2: Assign index manually.

An associative array, each ID key is associated with a

• In a multidimensional array, each element in the

• Array ([Griffin] => Array

• A cookie is often used to identify a user.

• A cookie is often used to identify a user.

• setcookie() function is used to set a cookie.

• Syntax: setcookie(name, value, expire, path, domain);

• setcookie("user", "Alex Porter", time()+3600);

PHP $_COOKIE variable is used to retrieve a cookie value.

3. echo "Welcome " . $_COOKIE["user"] . "!<br />";

5. echo "Welcome guest!<br />";

• While deleting a cookie, make sure that the expiration

• While deleting a cookie, make sure that the expiration

• PHP echo and print both are PHP language constructs.

• Both are used to display the output in PHP.

• echo is a statement i.e used to display the output. it can

Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_ECHO

• Print is also a statement i.e used to display the output. it

2. $name=“Jannat Bibi"; 2. $name = “Janant Bibi";

Error because multiple argument are not allow for print

print_r() displays information about a variable

• Installation through WAMP

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