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TDY1 - Les 4 Eng
TDY1 - Les 4 Eng
Lesson 4
Answers:
a. See next page
b. 38,5%
c. 1,8 g/s
Recap exercise (7 minutes) d. 33,1 %
e. 2,09 gr/s
We want to assess the overall efficiency of an engine. To this extend, the shaft power of the engine is
measured. This turns out to be 30 kW.
In addition, the thermal power that leaves the engine as flue gas is measured. This turns out to be 48
kW.
a) Draw the block scheme of this energy system and indicate that types of energy flow in and out.
c) Calculate the mass flow of diesel fuel in [gr/s], assuming an LCV(lower calorific value) of 43400
[kJ/kg].
d) Unfortunately, it turns out that the combustion efficiency is rather poor with a value of 86%. This
causes a larger required mass flow of diesel fuel in [gr/s]. Calculate the overall efficiency of this
engine.
Answer a, b and c
30 kW
Mechanical power (rotating shaft)
Engine
Ƞ = 30/78 = 38,5 %
78 kW
Chemical power
(fuel flow)
Mass flow: 1,8 gr/s
48 kW
Thermal power (flue gasses)
Answer d and e
30 kW
Mechanical power (rotating shaft)
Engine efficiency
33,1 %
90,6 kW
Chemical power
(fuel flow)
d. Overall efficiency: 0,86*0,385 = 33,1 %
e. Mass flow: 2,09 gr/s
48 kW
Thermal power (flue gasses)
At the end of the lesson:
objectives
• you can calculate the partial pressure and
today partial volumes of a gas mixture.
𝑝=3 𝑏𝑎𝑟
1
2
𝐶𝑂 2 +¿ 𝐶 𝐻4 ¿
𝑉 =0.5 𝑚 3
𝑇 =85 ℃ From state 1 to state 2
For gas mixtures
𝑚=1,46 𝑘𝑔
Excersize
A closed system is at rest and contains pure hydrogen gas (H2).
RH2 = 4125 [J/kgK].
The system has a volume of 50 liters, a pressure of 2.5 bar and
a temperature of 30 ºC.
Answer:
hydrogen (H2): m = 0,010 kg
(1) GASMIXTURES
Gasmixtures
Pure gases only occur in technical situations, for example:
Hydrogen
• Helium
• Nitrogen
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Gas mixtures: partial volume
Imagine:
Biogas Formula Vol % All molecules of the same
type “sit” together in one
Methane 60% part of the volume.
Result: partial volume
Carbon dioxide 38%
Water vapour 2%
𝑉1 𝐶 𝐻4 𝑉 1+𝑉 2 +𝑉 3=𝑉
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝
𝐻2 𝑂
𝑉 2𝐶 𝑂 2
𝑉3
Methane 60%
Water vapour 2%
𝑉 𝑉 𝑉
𝐶 𝐻4 𝐶 𝑂2 𝐻2 𝑂
𝑝1 𝑝2 𝑝3
p1 is p2 is p3 is 14
𝑝𝑉
𝑇
=𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 [ ] [ ]
𝑝𝑉
𝑇 1
=
𝑝𝑉
𝑇 2
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑉 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑝
𝑝 𝑖 ⋅ 𝑉 =𝑝 ⋅ 𝑉 𝑖
𝑖=1 , 2 , 3 , …( 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑎𝑐h 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡h𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒)
𝑝𝑖 𝑝 𝑝𝑖 𝑉 𝑖
= =
𝑉𝑖 𝑉 𝑝 𝑉 gas mixture
𝑉 𝑉 𝑝
𝑉1 𝐶 𝐻4
𝐶 𝐻4 𝐶 𝑂2
𝑝 𝐶𝐻 4 𝑝 𝐶𝑂2
𝐻2 𝑂
𝑉 2𝐶 𝑂 2
𝑉3
etc…
Partial pressure due to Partial pressure due Partial volumes
to
𝑝𝑖 𝑉 𝑖
=
𝑝 𝑉
Excersize
In a closed system there is a mixture of:
Answer:
a. 0,6 bar
H2 (30- volume%) and
b. 1,4 bar
CO2 (70- volume%)
objectives
• you can calculate the partial pressure and
today partial volumes of a gas mixture.
𝑉 =∑𝑉 𝑖 𝑝 𝑖 ∙ 𝑉 =𝑝 ∙ 𝑉 𝑖 =𝑚𝑖 ∙ 𝑅𝑖 ∙ 𝑇
𝑚=∑ 𝑚𝑖 Gas law for gas mixture
𝑝 ∙ 𝑉 =𝑚 ∙ 𝑅𝑚 ∙ 𝑇
𝑚𝑖
𝑅𝑚 =∑ ∙ 𝑅𝑖
𝑚
So, is the weighted average of all
18
Gas mixture
density:
and
specific heat:
so that
𝑐 𝑚
19
Excersize gas mixture
20
Excersize gas mixture (answer4 a)
A gas sample consists of 30 vol-% CO2, 15 vol-% H2 and 55 vol-% N2.
• p = 1 bar, T = 10 C, V = 100 m3
• RCO2 =189, RH2 = 4123, RN2 = 297 J/(kg.K)
21
Excersize gas mixture (answer b)
22
Excersize gas mixture (answer c)
objectives
• you can calculate the partial pressure and
today partial volumes of a gas mixture.
28