BLOOD and

BLOOD
COMPONENTS
Blood
Used to manage hematologic diseases
Blood therapy is temporarily supports the
patient until the underlying problem
resolved.
BLOOD PRODUCTS
WHOLE BLOOD
PACKED RED BLOOD CELL(PRBC)
PLATELET
FRESH FROZEN PLASMA
CRYOPRECIPITATE
Indications
Severe haemorrhage
Significant bleeding
Surgery
Indications
Severe anemia
Acute blood loss
1 unit PRBC increases: 1 g/dl
haemoglobin
Fresh frozen plasma
Liquid portion of blood is separated from
cells and frozen.
One unit : 200-250ml
Rich in clotting factors , no platelets
Can be stored for 1 year (<-30 C)
Must be used within 2 hours after thawing
Indications
Bleeding caused by the deficiency of
clotting factors ( vit K deficiency, liver
disease, excessive warfarin)
During plasmapheresis
Platelets
Prepared from fresh whole blood
One unit contains 30 to 60 ml
Can be kept at room temperature for 1-5
days
Indications
Thrombocytopenia

May be contraindicated in
thrombocytopenic purpura and heparin
induced thrombocytopenia except in life
threatening haemorrhage
Cryoprecipitate
Prepared from FFP
10-20 ml per bag
Can be stored for 1 year
Indications
Replacement of clotting factors
Von willebrand disease
Hypofibrinogenemia
Hemophilia A
 • 2to 8 degree celcious
PRBC • Storage-35 days(SAGUM-45 days)

PLATELE • 18 to 20 degree celcious

T • Storage -5 days

• -40 degree celcious(-75)

FFP • Storage-1year
ANTICOAGULANT
CPDA-CITRATEPHOSPHATE
DEXTROSE ADENINE
ANTICOGULANT -14 ML/100ML
BLOOD USED FOR PRESERVING
BLOOD
SAGUM-SALINE ADININE GLUCOSE
MANNITOL
PLASMA EXTRACTOR
REFRIGERATOR CENTRIFUGUE
FFP STORAGE
PLASMA THARWING CRYO BATH
ADMINISTRATION
Large gauge IV cannula is needed
RL or dextrose infusion should not
infused through the same line, it will
cause hemolysis
Before infusion, confirm the patient and
check the blood product
Take vital signs before administration of
blood
If blood is not used within 30 min , it
should be return to lab
Nurse remain with patient in first 15 min,
flow rate should not be more than
2ml/min
Check vital signs during transfusion
PRBC should not provide quickly unless
an emergency
FFP and platelets can be infused over 15
to 30 min
Transfusion should not take more than 4
hours
Transfusion reactions
Acute:
Hypersensitivity reactions
Febrilereaction
Circulatory overload
Hemolytic reaction
Sepsis
Acute lung injury
Delayed reactions
Infection
Ironoverload
Delayed hemolysis
Nurses role: transfusion reaction
Stop the transfusion
Saline infusion
Notify blood bank and health provider
Recheck blood
Monitor vital signs and output
Save blood bag and tubings
Collect the blood specimen from the patient
documentation
COMPLICATION
CIRCULATORY OVERLOAD
HYPERKALEMIA
HYPOCALCEMIA
HAEMOSIDEROSIS
INFILTRATION AND
HEMATOMA
THROMBOPHLEBITIS
PULMONARY EMBOLISM