TOPIC 5 :

FUNCTIONS
C

Mathematics 1 LMAT 1113

Learnig outcome
• In this chapter, should should able to :
• Explain about relation and function
• Explain domain and range, operation on function.
• Identify composite function and inverse function.
Relation and function
• Relation is used to show link or connection between the elements of 2 sets X (
the inputs) and the Y (the ouputs). It is a subset of ordered pairs drawn from
the set of all possible ordered pairs.
For example
X={1,2,3} and Y={6,7,8,9}

 6
1
 7
2
 8
3
 9

X (Domain) Y
(Range)

Thus, the relation can be represent by ordered pairs such as {(1,7),(1,8),(2,7),

(3,9)}
 
Function is a special kind of relation where each element of X is related to
element Y
If f is the function that maps the elements of set X to the element of set Y, than
the set X is called the DOMAIN of the function and the set of Y is called the
RANGE of function.

X Y X Y

One to one functions One to many functions

DOMAIN AND RANGES
EXAMPLE

• Determine the Domain and Range of each of the function.

• a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 1
• b) 𝑓(𝑥) =
• c) 𝑓(𝑥) =
• d) 𝑓(𝑥) =
Solution:
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 1
𝑫𝒇 = (𝒙: 𝒙 ∈ 𝑹)
𝑹𝒇 = (y: y ∈ 𝑹)

• b) 𝑓(𝑥) =
Df = (𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅)
To find Range for quadratic function:

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0)

1st Step: 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑥 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔
2nd Step: Then, substitute value of x into the function give
3rd Step: Lastly, you will get the value of y.

Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 0

When x = 0 thus,
𝑓(0) = 02 + 4 = 4 𝑹𝒇 = [𝒚: 𝒚 ∈ 𝑹, 𝒚 ≥ 𝟒]
c) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = d) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
Df = 𝑥 ≠ 0
Df = 𝑥 − 4 ≥ 0 𝑥 ≠0
𝑥 ≥4 𝑫 𝒇 = (𝒙: 𝒙 ∈ 𝑹, 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎)

𝑫 𝒇 = (𝒙: 𝒙 ∈ 𝑹, 𝒙 ≥ 𝟒) Range = Do let y (inverse function)

Let y =
Rf = since ≥ 0
𝑦 (𝑥 ) = 2
𝑓(𝑥 ) ≥ 0
𝑹𝒇 = [𝒚: 𝒚 ∈ 𝑹, 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎]

𝑹𝒇 = [𝒚: 𝒚 ∈ 𝑹, 𝒚 ≠ 𝟎]
C) Operation on functions
Given that f(x) and g(x) are functions, then
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)
(𝑓𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)
Example
Example 3.1 a)
Given the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2 + 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 1,find the function:
𝑎) (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥)
b) (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥)
c) (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)
d)
solution
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2 + 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 1:

𝑎) (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥)
b) (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥)
solution
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2 + 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 1:

c) (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)
d)
example
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓: 𝑥 = 4𝑥 − 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔: 𝑥 = 𝑥2 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 ∶

• 𝑎) 𝑓 (2)
• 𝑏 ) 𝑓(−2)
• c) 𝑔(−3)
solution
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓: 𝑥 = 4𝑥 − 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔: 𝑥 = 𝑥2 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 ∶

• 𝑎) 𝑓 (2)
• 𝑏 ) 𝑓(−2)
• c) 𝑔(−3)
 Composite function and Inverse function
a) Composite function
Example
• Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2 − 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 7. Find
• a) the composite functions f ° g and gº f.
SOLUTION
Example

Example 3.2 b) Given the function:

𝑓: 𝑥 → 2𝑥 + 3, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅,
𝑔: 𝑥 →
a) ( f ° g ) (x)
b) ( g ° f ) (x)
c) The value of ( f ° g ) (1)
d) The value of ( g ° f ) (x) = 1
Solution
Inverse function
• How to finding an inverse function of f: 1.

1. Let y= f(x) ≡𝒙 = 𝒇−𝟏(𝒚)

2. Solve the new equation for x in terms of y
3. Replace x by the symbol 𝒇−𝟏(𝒚)
4. Rewrite the inverse in terms of x.
Example :
Find the inverse of each one to one function,
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = − 4
c) 𝑓(𝑥) =
d) 𝑑) 𝑓(𝑥) = + 5
Solution
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = − 4
c) 𝑓(𝑥) =
d) 𝑑) 𝑓(𝑥) = + 5