JSPM’S RAJARSHI SHAHU COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING,PUNE

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINERING

Subject-Automobile Engineering

Class-Btech 2

Topic Name-Alternate Fuel For IC Engine (Ethanol)

Presented by-Prithviraj Khude

Gudided by_Prof.A.D. Dharamadhikari

Introduction

 • The increase in energy consumption particularly in the past several decades has raised
fears of exhausting vital natural resources.
 • Rapid industrialization and massive growth in population has increased the dependence
and use of natural fuels.
 • Approximately 90% of our energy requirement are met by fossil fuel.
Fossil Fuels
Extraction of Crude Oil
Ethanol

 Ethanol is an alcohol-based fuel made from corn, wheat, sugarcane, barley, trees, grass, etc.
 Ethanol is renewable because it comes from fermenting crops.
 Ethanol lowers carbon monoxide emissions.
 Since ethanol can be made from a wide variety of plant life, it is very abundant and with
depleting petroleum reserves, is a promising alternative.
 Ethanol is an alcohol-based alternative fuel produced by fermenting and distilling starch
crops that have been converted into simple sugars. Feedstock for this fuel include corn,
barley, and wheat.
 Ethanol can also be produced from "cellulosic biomass" such as trees and grasses and is
called bioethanol. Ethanol is most commonly used to increase octane and improve the
emissions quality of gasoline.
FERMENTATION PROCESS

 Ethanol prepared from corn (biofuel) by two methods• Dry milling: 40-50 hours.
 Wet milling: 24-48 hours Ethanol from sugarcane extracted by following steps
 Milling, Refining.
 Fermentation :4-12 hours.
 Distillation and Dehydration.
ADVANTAGES

 It is a high octane fuel, so it can be used efficiently for higher compression ratios.
 It produces less overall emissions compared to gasoline.
 It gives higher pressure and more power in the expansion stroke.
 It has high latent heat of vaporization which results in a cooler intake process. This raises
the volumetric efficiency of the engine and reduces the required work input in the
compression stroke.
DISADVANTAGES

 The calorific value (29700) of the fuel is less.

 With equal thermal efficiency and similar engine output usage, twice as much fuel would
have to be purchased.
 Alcohol is much more corrosive than gasoline on copper, brass, aluminum, rubber, and
many plastics.
 It has poor cold weather starting characteristics due to low vapor pressure and
evaporation.
Properties

 High octane (100+); enhances octane properties of gasoline and used as oxygenate to
reduce CO emissions.
 27% - 36% less energy content than gasoline. Also 15% - 30% decrease in mileage.
 E85 vehicles demonstrate a 25% reduction in ozone-forming emissions compared to
gasoline.
 As an alternative fuel, most commonly used in a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline
(E85).
CONCLUSION

 Reducing fossil fuels in the near future would be a great loss to mankind if we are not able
to find out any alternative for it and I found alcohol to be effective as it can be produced
easily and the flexible fuel vehicle will be proved to be of great advantage.
 Alternative fuels generally lower emissions making them appealing for environmental
concerns. Many of these fuels are renewable and would lessen the need for petroleum
products. A lot of these fuels are going to be used with the developing fuel cell technology.
With making the public aware of these alternatives it could hasten the development of
these fuels and the technologies to run them.
References

 [1] Taher Yousefi Amiri,Kamran Ghasemzadeh. (2018). Ethanol Economy: Environment, Demand, and
Marketing. In Angelo basile et al (Eds), Ethanol Science and Engineering (pp. 451-504). : Elsevier.
 [2] Yisong Chen et al.. (2018). Emissions of automobiles fueled with alternative fuels based on engine technology: A
review. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 5(4), 318-334.
 [3] Jianling Jiao, Jingjing Li and Yu Bai. (2018). Ethanol as a vehicle fuel in China: A review from the perspectives
of raw material resource, vehicle, and infrastructure. Journal of Cleaner Production , 180, 832-845.
 [4] Nik Rosli Abdullah, A.M.I. Mamat and N.H. Badrulhisam. (2018). Application of Alcohol Fuel Properties
in Spark Ignition Engine:A Review.Jurnal Kejuruteraan, 1(7), 37-47.
 [5] Shyam Patidar. (2018). ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR AUTOMOBILES. EPRA International Journal of
Research and Development (IJRD), 3(12), 159-162.
 [6] Rabinder Singh Bharj, Gurkamal Nain Singh and Rajan Kumar. (2020). Agricultural Waste Derived 2nd
Generation Ethanol Blended Diesel Fuel in India: A Perspective. In Akhilendra pratap singh et al (Eds),
Alternative Fuels and Their Utilization Strategies in Internal Combustion Engines (pp. 9-24). : Springer Singapore.
 [7] Mehmet Ilhan Ilhak et al. (2019). Alternative Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines. (ed.). : IntechOpen.
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