Psychology

Presentation
On constructive
memory
BY FATIMA AAMIR
Introduction
Constructive memory is the process by
which our brains construct memories
based on our perceptions, experiences,
and beliefs. It is a complex and
dynamic process that is influenced by a
variety of factors, including our age,
cognitive development, emotions, and
cultural background. In this
presentation, we will explore some key
aspects of constructive memory,
including Piaget's childhood memory,
memory encoding, perceptual
inference, post-event memory
reconstruction, constructive memory
and the legal system, memory errors,
and normal memory.
Piaget's childhood memory
Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist
who studied child development. He
conducted a series of experiments to
understand how children's memories
develop over time. Piaget found that
children's memory changes as they
grow older. For example, younger
children are more likely to remember
specific details of an event, while
older children remember more general
aspects of an event.
Memory encoding
Memory encoding is the process by which our brains
transform sensory information into a form that can be stored
in our memory. Encoding can be affected by a variety of
factors, such as attention, motivation, and emotional arousal.
For example, if we are highly motivated to remember
something, we are more likely to encode it into our memory.
Perceptual Inference:

Perceptual inference is the process by which our brains fill in

missing information based on our prior knowledge and
expectations. For example, if we see a partially hidden object,
our brains will fill in the missing information to create a
complete image of the object. Perceptual inference can
influence our memory by causing us to remember things that
we did not actually see or experience.
 Post-Event Memory
Reconstruction:
Post-event memory reconstruction is the process by which our memories
of an event can be altered or distorted by information that we receive
after the event. For example, if we hear someone else's account of an
event, it can influence our own memory of the event. This can lead to
memory errors and false memories.
 Objectives
1 2 3
 often used in
criminal
trials, but
Constructive memory and the legal system
research has
shown that
eyewitnesses
can be
influenced by
factors such
as leading
questions,
post-event
information,
 Memory
Errors:
Memory errors are common and can occur for a variety of
reasons. For example, we may forget details of an event
over time or confuse details of different events. Memory
errors can also be caused by perceptual inference, post-
event information, and other factors. It is important to be
aware of memory errors and to take steps to minimize their
impact.
 Normal memory
Despite the potential for memory errors and
distortions, normal memory is generally reliable and
accurate. Our memories play a crucial role in our
daily lives, allowing us to learn from our
experiences, make decisions, and navigate the world
around us.
 Conclusion
In conclusion, constructive memory is a complex and dynamic
process that is influenced by a variety of factors. While
memory errors and distortions can occur, normal memory is
generally reliable and accurate. It is important to be aware of
the factors that can influence memory, such as perceptual
inference and post-event information, and to take steps to
minimize their impact, particularly in contexts like the legal
system where memory accuracy is critical.
THANK
YOU