INSTITUTE UIE

DEPARTMENT ACADEMIC UNIT-1

Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science & Engineering)
Subject Name: Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Subject Code: 22ELH-101
Prepared By
Navjeet Kaur
Adder & Subtractor

DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

 Lecture
Objectives
S. No. Objectives

1 To make student aware about the basic concept of adder as operational amplifier.

2 To aware about construction and working of adder

3 To provide knowledge about subtarctor as operational amplifier

4 To make familiar with working of subtractor

https://library.automationdirect.com/basic
-electrical-theory/
5 To give brief knowledge about applications of adder and subtractor

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 Course
Objectives
S. No. Objectives

1 To meet students with basic knowledge of dc circuits, electromagnetism and ac fundamentals.

To aware about introduction to single and three phase ac circuit with their construction and
2 working principles.

3 To provide knowledge about electrical and electronics engineering fundamentals.

4 To acquire specific knowledge skills so as to comprehend how electric, magnetic and electronic
circuits are applied in practice.
https://library.automationdirect.com/basic-el
ectrical-theory/

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 Course Outcomes
CO
Numbe Title Level
r

Identify the different types of electrical elements and the basic op-amp
CO1 circuit elements and to illustrate the various types of motors, transducers Remember
and batteries.

Understand basic principles of transformers, transducers, op-amps, DC

CO2 and AC motors and to compare the different methods for analyzing Understand
electrical and magnetic circuits.

Derive the relationships between parameters in electric and magnetic

CO3 circuits and motors and to determine specifications of op-amps. Analyze

Solve the basic problems related to electric circuits, magnetic circuits and
CO4 motors and to assess the characteristics of different configurations of op- Evaluate
amps. https://library.automationdirect.com/basic-el
ectrical-theory/
Design the different applications of transducers, motors as well as the op-
CO5 amps like adders, subtractor and comparators. Create

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 Content
 Introduction to adder as amplifier
 Construction and working of adder
 Applications of adder
 Introduction to subtractor as amplifier
 Construction and working of subtractor
 Applications of subtractor

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 Introduction to Adder
• An opamp is used to design a circuit whose output is the sum of
several input signal. Such a circuit is called summing amplifier or
adder.
• An opamp is an amplifier. But an op amp can also perform summing
operation.
• We can design an op amp circuit to combine number of input signals
and to produce single output as a weighted sum of input signals.

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 Introduction to Adder
• An opamp is used to design a circuit whose output is the sum of
several input signal. Such a circuit is called summing amplifier or
adder.
• Hence an op-amp based adder produces an output equal to the sum
of the input voltages applied at its inverting terminal.
• So it is also called as a summing amplifier, since the output is an
amplified one.

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 Construction of Adder
• Summing amplifier is basically an op
amp circuit that can combine
numbers of input signal to a single
output that is the weighted sum of
the applied inputs.
• The summing Amplifier is one
variation of inverting amplifier. In
inverting amplifier there is only one
Fig.1 adder
voltage signal applied to the
inverting input as shown https://www.electrical4u.com/summing-amplifier/

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 Construction of Adder
• In the above circuit, the non-
inverting input terminal of the op-
amp is connected to ground.
• That means zero volts is applied at
its non-inverting input terminal.
• According to the virtual short
concept, the voltage at the inverting
input terminal of an op-amp is same Contd. Fig.1 adder
as that of the voltage at its non-
https://www.electrical4u.com/summing-amplifier/
inverting input terminal. 

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 Working of Adder
• Here, n numbers of input terminal are connected in parallel. Here, in the
circuit, the non-inverting terminal of the op amp is grounded, hence
potential at that terminal is zero.
• As the opamp is considered as ideal opamp the potential of the inverting
terminal is also zero.
• So, the electric potential at node 1, is also zero. From the circuit, it is also
clear that the current i is the sum of currents of input terminals.

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 Working of Adder
• Therefore,

.
• Now, in the case of ideal op amp the current at the inverting and non-
inverting terminal are zero. So, as per kirchhoff's current law, the entire
input current passes through the feedback path of resistance Rf.

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 Working of Adder
• That means,

• From, equation (i) and (ii), we get,

.
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 Applications of Adder
• Airthmetic logic unit
• High speed multiplications
• Advanced microprocessor design
• Digital signal processing

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 Introduction to Subtractor
• A difference amplifier or op amp subtractor is a specially designed
op amp based amplifier circuit, which amplifies the difference
between two input signals and rejects any signals common to both
inputs.
• A subtractor is an electronic circuit that produces an output, which is
equal to the difference of the applied inputs.
• An op-amp based subtractor produces an output equal to the
difference of the input voltages applied at its inverting and non-
inverting terminals.

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 Construction of Subtractor
• In subtractor we are assuming
resistance R1, R2, R3 and R4. We have two
inputs such as V1 and V2 and output
voltage is V0.
• So It is as a difference amplifier which
gives the output is an amplified one.

Fig.2 subtractor

https://www.electrical4u.com/difference-amplifier/

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 Working of Subtractor
• Let us consider the above op-amp circuit. Now, by applying KCL at node
1, we get,

• We have written this equation by assuming that there is no current

entering in the inverting terminal of the op-amp.

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 Working of Subtractor
• Now, by simplifying the above equation, we get,

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 Working of Subtractor
• Now, by applying KCL at node 2, we get,

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 Working of Subtractor
• We know that, in ideal op-amp, voltage at inverting input is same as the
voltage at non inverting input. Hence,

• So, now from equation (i) and (ii), we get,

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 Working of Subtractor

• The difference amplifier must reject any signal common to both inputs.
That means, if polarity and magnitude of both input signals are same,
the output must be zero.

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 Working of Subtractor
• This condition must be satisfied only when,

• In that case, equation (iii) becomes,

• Then eqn. (4) gives the expression for subtractor.

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 Applications of Subtractor
• to attenuate the radio and audio signal.
• to reduce sound distortion.
• in airthmetic logic unit processors.
• increment and decrement operators.

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 Summary
• Introduction to adder as amplifier.
• Construction and working of adder.
• Applications of adder.
• Introduction to subtractor as amplifier.
• Construction and working of subtractor.
• Applications of subtractor.

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 Practice Questions
Q.1 Explain adder with its circuit diagram
Q.2 Analyze the function of subtractor with its working.
Q.3 Write down the applications of adder and subtractor.

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 To make students understand

LEARNING • Concepts of adder and subtractor

OUTCOMES
• Construction and working of adder
and subtractor

• Applications of adder and subtractor

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 Course Outcome to Program Outcome
Relationship
(22ELH-101) BEEE
PO→

CO↓ PO PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
1

CO1 3 2 3

CO2 3 2 3

CO3 3 2 3

CO4 3 2 3

CO5 3 2 3

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 Assessment Pattern
A B C D E F G
Assignment Time Bound Quiz (each Mid Semester Homework Discussion Attendance
(each Surprise Test quiz) Test(one per Forums and
assignment) (each test) test) engagement
Score on BB

10 12 4 20 NA NA 2

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 References
• E Books: [1] https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/RES/RES.6-010/MITRES_6-010S13_comchaptrs.pdf
[2]
https://www2.mvcc.edu/users/faculty/jfiore/OpAmps/OperationalAmplifiersAndLinearICs_3E.
pdf

• Websites: [1] https://www.electrical4u.com/difference-amplifier/

[2] https://www.electrical4u.com/summing-amplifier/
[3]
https://www.plexim.com/academy/analog-electronics/inverting-summing-amplifier
[4]
https://www.wikitechy.com/tutorials/linear-integrated-circuits/op-amp-adder-and-subtractor

• Videos: [1] https://youtu.be/jsKSfaFQ4d4

[2] https://youtu.be/ltVspUteuuI
[3] https://youtu.be/7zUYqQ6wUhA
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 THANK YOU
For queries
Email: navjeetkaur.ee@cumail.in