BEHAVIOR OF GASES

PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
OF GASES
Properties of Gases

 Volume
 Temperature
 Pressure
 Mass
Volume
Volume is the amount of
space occupied by
gasses.
Volume
Volume units and their
equivalents:
1000 ml = 1L
1 ml = 1cm3
1 L = 1dm3
1m3 = 1000 L
Temperature
Temperature is the
measure of coldness or
hotness of gas.
Temperature units and
their equivalents:
0˚C = 273.15 K
0˚C = 32 ˚F
Pressure
Pressure is the force
applied by the gas
particles per unit area.
Pressure units and their
equivalents:
1atm = 760mmHg = 76cmHg =
760 torr = 101,325 Pa = 14.6956 psi
STP

STP
Standard Temperature & Pressure
0°C 273 K
-OR-
1 atm 101.325 kPa
Mass
Amount of substance in an object .
the SI unit for amount of substance
is mole, mol. Since we can’t count
molecules, we can convert
measured mass (in kg) to the
number of moles, n, using the
molecular or formula weight of the
gas.
Characteristics of Gases
 Gases expand to fill any container.
• random motion, no attraction
 Gases are fluids (like liquids).
• no attraction
 Gases have very low densities.
• lots of empty space
Characteristics of Gases
 Gases can be compressed.
lots of empty space
 Gases undergo diffusion.
• random motion
 Gas Laws
 Boyle's Law- proposed by
Robert Boyle.

It states that the volume of gas is

inversely proportional to pressure
at constant temperature.

Hence: V1P1=V2P2
 Gas Laws
 Charles' Law- proposed by
Jacques Charles.

It states that the volume of gas is

directly related to its temperature
at constant pressure.

Hence: V1/T1=V2/T2
Gay-Lussac’s Law

It states that the pressure of gas is directly related to its

temperature at constant volume.
 Gay-Lussac’s Law
. Gay-Lussac’s law:
When the Kelvin
temperature of a gas
doubles at constant
volume and amount
of gas, the pressure
also doubles
 Gay-Lussac’s Law (Formula)
In Gay-Lussac’s law,
 the pressure exerted by a gas is directly related to
the Kelvin temperature of the gas.

P T
P T
• volume and amount of gas are constant!!!
Gay-Lussac’s Law (Formula)
Gay-Lussac’s Law (Calculations)
Gay-Lussac’s Law (Calculations)
Gay-Lussac’s Law (Applications)
 Gas Laws
 Combined Gas Law
- describe the relationship among
temperature, pressure, and volume
at constant number of moles.

The pressure and volume of gas are inversely

proportional to each other but are both directly
proportional to the temperature of that gas.

Hence: P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2
Combined Gas Law
Combined Gas Law
Combined Gas Law
 Avogadro's Law-
proposed by Amadeo
Avogadro.
It states that the volume
of gas is directly
proportional to the
number of moles of gas
present at a given
temperature and pressure

Hence: V1/n1=V2/n2
Avogadro's Law
Avogadro's Law
Avogadro's Law
Avogadro's Law
Avogadro's Law
Avogadro's Law
Avogadro's Law (Application)

A soccer ball contains a bladder inside it and a rigid outer covering. When the ball
gets deflated, the bladder gets deprived of air and loses its shape, thereby causing
the ball to lose the ability to bounce. The volume of the air present inside the
bladder can be increased by forcefully pressing air into it through an air pump. The
change in volume of air is proportional to the change in the number of air molecules
possessed by it. Hence, pumping air in a soccer ball is an explicit illustration of
Avogadro’s law in real life.
it describes gases that behave ideally.

it illustrates the relationship among

pressure (P), volume(V),
temperature(T), and number of
moles(n) of a gas.

Hence: PV=nRT
Ideal Gas Law
Ideal Gas Law
Ideal Gas Law
Ideal Gas Law
Ideal Gas Law
Ideal Gas Law
Boyle’s Law (Problem Solving)

The inflated balloon that slipped from the

hand of Renn has a volume of 0.50 L at sea
level (1.0 atm) and it reached a height of
approximately 8 km where the atmospheric
pressure is approximately 0.33 atm.
Assuming that the temperature is constant,
compute for the final volume of the balloon.
Charles’ Law (Problem Solving)

An inflated balloon with a volume of

0.75 L at 30°C was placed inside the
freezer where the temperature is -
10°C. Find out what will happen to
the volume of the balloon if the
pressure remains constant. Support
your answer with computation.
Gay-Lusac’s Law (Problem Solving)

The pressure of a nitrogen gas

inside a rigid tank is 1.5
atmosphere at 30°C. What will
be the resulting pressure if the
tank is cooled to 0°C?
Combined Gas Law (Problem Solving)

The oxygen tank manufacturer used to

produce 5.0 L oxygen tanks at 2000 psi
and 25°C . Statistics suggests that the 3.0
L oxygen tank at 1500 psi more
marketable. What temperature
requirement is needed to produce a 3 L
oxygen tank at 1500 psi?
Avogadro’s Law (Problem Solving)

What will be the final volume of a 5.00 L He

gas which contains 0.965
mole of at 30°C and 1.00 atmosphere, if the
amount of this gas is increased to 1.80 moles
provided that temperature and pressure remains
unchanged?
 
 Ideal Gas Law (Problem Solving)

What is the volume of

a container that can
hold 0.50 mole of gas
at 25.0°C and
1.25atm?