THE TEACHING OF READING

APRIL 27,2023
W H AT I S T H E
MEANING OF
READING?

• Reading" is the process of looking at a

series of written symbols and getting
meaning from them. When we read, we
use our eyes to receive written symbols
(letters, punctuation marks and spaces)
and we use our brain to convert them
into words, sentences and paragraphs
that communicate something to us.
W H AT I S R E A D I N G I N T E A C H I N G ?
• Reading is a multifaceted process involving word
recognition, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.
Readers integrate these facets to make meaning from print.
• Reading is making meaning from print.
• It requires that we: Identify the words in print – a process
called word recognition.
• Comprehension is the reason for reading.
• Good readers think actively as they read. They use
their experiences and knowledge of the world,
vocabulary, language 
 Instilling a love of reading early gives
a child a head start on expanding their
vocabulary and building
independence and self-confidence.
W H AT I S T H E
I M P O RTA N C E
OF TEACHING
READING?
It helps children learn to make sense
not only of the world around them
but also people, building social-
emotional skills and of course,
imagination.
 • Effective instructional
programs and
W H AT A R E
THE 5 materials emphasize
PA R T S O F the five essential
TEACHING components of
READING? effective reading
instruction: phonemic
awareness, phonics,
fluency, vocabulary,
and comprehension.
 • There are five aspects to
the process of
reading: phonics, phonemic
awareness, vocabulary,
W H AT A R E reading comprehension and
THE fluency. These five aspects
ESSENTIALS work together to create the
OF reading experience. As
READING? children learn to read, they
must develop skills in all
five of these areas in order
to become successful
readers.
 • the best way to teach
reading is
called systematic
W H AT I S phonics-based
THE BEST instruction. It's based
WAY T O on decades of brain
science. Unlike
TEACH
speaking, reading is
READING?
not a skill that kids'
brains are hard-wired
to develop. Learning
to read requires
several different parts
of the brain all
working together.
W H AT I S T H E I M P O RTA N C E A N D B E N E F I T S
OF READING TO STUDENTS?
Improved imagination and creativity

Reading as an imaginative activity can

open doors to all kinds of new worlds for
your child.
By widening your child's imagination, your
child is more likely to dream bigger and act
creatively which can benefit they school,
work, and life in the future.
THE TEACHING OF WRITING
APRIL 27,2023
WRITING
Writing skills are the skills you use to
write effectively and succinctly.
A good writer is someone who can
communicate their point to their
audience without using too much fluff
and in a way that the other person can
understand.
Writing skills don't just include the
physical act of writing.
WHY IS WRITING SKILLS
I M P O RTA N T ?

• Writing skills are an important

part of communication.
• Good writing skills allow you to
communicate your message with
clarity and ease to a far larger
audience than through face-to-
face or telephone conversations.
 W H AT I S W R I T I N G
SKILLS IN
C O M M U N I C AT I O N ?
• Written Communication involves expressing
yourself clearly, using language with precision;
constructing a logical argument; note taking,
editing and summarizing; and writing reports.
The main elements to written communication:
• Structure – the way the content is laid out.
Style – the way it is written.
 5 BASIC
WRITING
SKILLS AND
HOW TO
IMPROVE AND
HIGHLIGHT
THEM

• 1. Research
Research allows writers to find accurate information and best practices related to writing
in a particular style or about a particular piece of content. Writers often have to write about
subjects that they are not familiar with, so finding quality sources quickly is an important
skill.
 5 BASIC
WRITING
SKILLS AND
HOW TO
IMPROVE AND
HIGHLIGHT
THEM
• 2. Outlining
• Outlining is creating a plan for the structure and flow of a piece of writing. Good writing
needs to have a logical structure to make sense to a reader. Your ability to organize
sentences and paragraphs in the most compelling way influences how others perceive you
and understand the point of your writing.
5 BASIC WRITING SKILLS AND HOW
TO IMPROVE AND HIGHLIGHT THEM
• 3. Editing
• After writing the first draft of your piece, you
need to be able to edit. From checking an email
for spelling errors to re-writing a grant
proposal, all writing should undergo some level
of editing. Editing involves reading your writing
from another perspective and considering how
well it suits your goals. When editing your
work, think about your word choice and tone,
removing any irrelevant phrases.
5 Basic Writing Skills and How to Improve and
Highlight Them
• 4. Reading comprehension
• Reading comprehension skills help you
respond to prompts, reply to messages and
learn about new content. People use reading
comprehension skills to assess the tone and
main idea of a piece of writing. Having good
reading comprehension also helps you edit
your work by determining if your point comes
across from the perspective of a reader.
5 BASIC WRITING SKILLS AND HOW TO
IMPROVE AND HIGHLIGHT THEM
• 5. Time management
• Time management is key when writing anything
beyond a simple message or email. You should be
able to spend your time efficiently when writing
and accurately plan for how long it will take to write
and edit your piece. Many writers over-edit their
work and end up wasting time without improving
the quality of their writing, so a good writer must
recognize when to step away from a piece of
writing.
THE TEACHING OF SPEAKING
APRIL 27,2023
W H AT I S A
GOOD
DEFINITION OF
SPEAKING?
• Speaking is the delivery of
language through the mouth.
To speak, we create sounds
using many parts of our body,
including the lungs, vocal tract,
vocal cords, tongue, teeth and
lips.
• Speaking is the second of the
four language skills, which are:
Listening, Speaking, Writing
and Viewing.
W H AT I S S P E A K I N G ?
• Speaking is a language skill or a mean of
communication in which people can express
his/her idea or information to others in spoken
form. It is a complex language skill because
people need to find the ideas before speaking,
and then arranged in a good sentences so
people may understand what the speaker is
saying.
 SPEAKING AND
ITS PURPOSE?
• Here are three general purposes that all
speeches fall into: 
• to inform,
• to persuade, and
• to entertain.
• Depending on what your ultimate goal is, you
will start by picking one of these general
purposes and then selecting an appropriate
speech pattern that goes along with that general
purpose.
W H AT I S T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F
SPEAKING IN SENTENCES?

• Speaking in complete sentences builds

clarity in thought because students
have to think about the information
they want to give. It also builds
grammar skills because a complete
sentence will have a variety of
grammatical pieces.
SPEAKING
 W H AT I S
FLUENCY?
• Fluency refers to
continuity,
smoothness, rate,
and effort in speech
production. It is also
used to characterize
language production,
language ability or
language
proficiency. 
WHY FLUENCY IS
I M P O RTA N T ?
• Fluency is important because
it builds a bridge between word
recognition and comprehension. It
allows students time to focus on what
the text is saying. They are able to
make connections between what they
are reading and their own
background knowledge. Therefore,
they are able to concentrate on
comprehension.
 • A vocabulary is a set of
familiar words within a
person's language. A
vocabulary, usually developed
with age, serves as a useful
and fundamental tool for
W H AT I S communication and acquiring
VOCABULARY? knowledge. Acquiring an
extensive vocabulary is one
of the largest challenges in
learning a second language.
•  Wikipedia
 • To be most effective,
explicit vocabulary
instruction should be
dynamic and involve a
variety of techniques.
EFFECTIVE Specifically, instruction
USE OF should: Use both
VOCABULARY? definitional and
contextual information
about word meanings,
Involve students actively in
word learning.
To be most effective, explicit vocabulary instruction
should be dynamic and involve a variety of techniques.
Specifically, instruction should:

Use both definitional and contextual information about

word meanings,

Involve students actively in word learning, and

Use discussion to teach the meanings of new words and

to provide meaningful information about the words.
GRAMMAR

In linguistics, the grammar of a

natural language is its set of
structural constraints on speakers' Grammar is the study of the
or writers' composition of structure and function of
clauses, phrases, and words.  language.
Wikipedia
B A S I C L AW S / R U L E S

What are the basic rules of grammar?

Some basic rules of grammar include ensuring all sentences have a subject and a
verb; placing adjectives directly before the noun they describe, or after it if
separated by a verb; and using a comma to connect two ideas.
 Consult a
Grammar Read, read, Use a grammar
grammar
Skills Tips read. checker.
manual.

Learn the rules Study

Learn the parts Play grammar
of sentence punctuation
of speech. games.
structure. rules.

Practice writing
with correct
grammar.
P R O N U N C I AT I O N
• Pronunciation is the way in which a word
or a language is spoken.
• This may refer to generally agreed-upon
sequences of sounds used in speaking a
given word or language in a specific dialect
or simply the way a particular individual
speaks a word or language. 
• Wikipedia
• Pronunciation is the act or
manner of speaking a
word. For a variety of
reasons, many words in
English are not
pronounced the way they
are spelled, and some
sounds can be represented
by more than one
combination of letters.
Consider, for instance, that
the words does, was, and
fuzz all rhyme with one
another.
• Without correct pronunciation, the
vocabulary that you know will be
less effective when communicating.
It is always better to know fewer
words and pronounce them well than
to know a lot of words and
pronounce them badly.
• Bad pronunciation can lead to
misunderstandings that may cause
mishaps.
 W H AT A R E T H E
BENEFITS OF
SPEAKING?
• Personal Benefits of Public Speaking
• Boost Confidence.
Public speaking repeatedly is a great boost of self confidence. ...
• Personal Satisfaction.
Being able to speak in front of a crowd is a huge accomplishment.
• Critical Thinking.
• Improve Communication Skills. ...
• Learn to Argue.
• Be a Better Listener.
W H AT I S T H E I M P O R T A N C E O F
SPEAKING IN LEARNERS?
• In the classroom, speaking skills enable
individual children to ask questions, to offer
information, and to say if they do or do not
understand.
• The classroom can be the child's most
important environment for learning how to
express their own ideas and to hear the
ideas of others.
THE TEACHING OF VIEWING
APRIL 27,2023
W H AT I S
VIEWING?
• Viewing is the fifth
macro-skill today. It refers
to perceiving, examining,
interpreting, and
construction meaning
from visual images and is
crucial to improving
comprehension of print
and nonprint materials .
This is the skill to be
taught as the learners are
exposed on multimedia.
• During viewing:

• Students view the visual text to understand the

message by seeking and checking understanding,
by making connections, making and confirming
predictions and inferences, interpreting and
summarizing, pausing and reviewing, and
analyzing and evaluating.
W H Y I S V I E W I N G I M P O RTA N T I N
L A N G U A G E A RT S ?
• Viewing enables students to acquire information and to
appreciate ideas and experiences visually conveyed by
others.
• Visual texts, like their auditory and print counterparts, have
a variety of purposes and audiences and occur in a wide
range of contexts.
• They are often communicated through technology.
W H AT I S T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F V I E W I N G
AS THE FIFTH MACRO-SKILL?

• Viewing is the fifth macro-skill. It refers to

perceiving, examining, interpreting, and
constructing meaning from visual images and
is crucial to improving comprehension of
print and nonprint materials. This is a very
essential skill to be taught as all learners are
exposed to various forms of media.
 W H AT I S
THE
PURPOSE OF
VIEWING?
• Why?

• Viewing helps students develop

the knowledge and skills to
analyze and evaluate visual texts
and multimedia texts that use
visuals. Viewing helps students
acquire information and
appreciate ideas and experiences
visually conveyed by others.
 W H AT I S
VIEWING AS
A SKILL?
• Viewing as a Skill

Viewing as a language skill is

defined as the process of
understanding visual texts that come
in various formats, such as TV
shows, advertisements, films,
videos, and images. In short,
viewing is the act of 'reading' visual
cues.