Introduction to the

PHILOSOPHY
of the Human Person
ARGUMENT
Session 6
 ARGUMENT
●is a sequence of
statements trying to
prove something.
 ARGUMENT
Premise – it is a statement in an
argument that provides reason or
support for the conclusion.
 ARGUMENT
Conclusion – it is a statement in an
argument that indicates of what the
arguer is trying to convince the
reader / listener.
 a) All A are
b) All B are C.
c) Therefore, all A are C.
 ARGUMENT
Valid Argument
Invalid Argument
VALID ARGUMENT
●an argument is valid if
the conclusion is
necessarily true
whenever the
premises are true.
 a) All dolphins are mammals.
b) All mammals are things that have
hair at some point.
c) Therefore, all dolphins are things
that have hair at some point.
 a) All subjects are difficult.
b) Philosophy is not a subject.
c) Therefore, Philosophy is not
difficult.
INVALID ARGUMENT
●an argument is invalid if
the premises are true, but
the conclusion is clearly
false.
 a) All birds are things that can fly.
b) All airplanes are things that can fly.
c) Therefore, all birds are airplanes.
a) Some fruits are green.
b) Some fruits are apples.
c) All fruits are apples.
Let’s see if the
following
statements are
valid or
invalid.
 Premise 1. All humans have tails
Premise 2. My sister, Lily is a nun
Conclusion. Therefore, Sister lily has a tail.

VALID
Premise 1. If Bob is a mammal, then Bob
lays eggs.
Premise 2. Bob is not a mammal.
Conclusion. Therefore, Bob lays eggs.  

INVALI
D
Now let’s here it from you.
Make a valid and invalid
argument.
Be ready for the moving
exam.
 Introduction to the
PHILOSOPHY
of the Human Person