FRACTURE TOUGHNESS &

FATIGUE & ENG’G

MATERIALS

John France T. Deloso

Jade Harry E. Cortina
 01 02
Introduction Impact Testing

03
Destructive
04
Fatigue Testing
Testing
 01 WHAT IS FRACTURE?

Fracture refers to the failure

or separation of a material under
load by breaking into two or
more pieces in response to an
imposed stress and at
temperatures that are low relative
to the Tmelt of the material.
 TWO TYPES FRACTURE
BRITTLE FRACTURE
means fracture of material without plastic deformation or
with very small plastic deformation before fracture. Rock,
concrete, glass, and cast iron all have such property, so they
are called brittle materials. 

DUCTILE FRACTURE
means fracture of material with large plastic deformation
before fracture. Fracture of soft steel and other soft metals,
rubber, and plastics is ductile fracture.
 WHAT IS FRACTURE TOUGNESS

Fracture toughness describes a

material’s resistance to brittle
fracture when a crack is present. It
is related to its ability to deform
plastically instead of further
increasing the local stress and
energy level.
 WHAT IS FATIGUE FRACTURE

Fatigue fracture is the result

of repetitive cyclic short-time
stress or tensile stress, or
deformation well below the
tensile or flexural strength of
the material
02 IMPACT TESTING
 An impact test is used to observe the
mechanics that a material will exhibit when it
experiences a shock loading that causes the
specimen to immediately deform, fracture or
rupture completely.
 The purpose of impact testing is to measure an
object’s ability to resist high-rate loading. It is
usually thought of in terms of two objects
striking each other at high relative speeds.
 CONFIGRATION USED IN IMPACT
TESTING
Charpy Impact Test – measures the energy absorb
by the standard notched specimen while breaking
under an impact load.

Izod Impact Test - is an ASTM standard method

of determining the impact resistance of materials.
 The energy absorbed by the sample is calculated
from the height the arm swings to after hitting the
sample. 
03 DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

are defined as those tests that are made to a

material through the Use of tools or
machines, which produce an irreversible
alteration of their chemical Composition or
dimensional geometry
I. AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENT TESTING

This includes fracture and fatigue

testing In sour (H2S), sweet (CO2)
and other Corrosive environments; at
a range of Temperatures and pressures.
These test Allow industry to assess the
impact of These conditions on
materials and Performance.
 II. CORROSION TESTING

This covers non-toxic, small

scale, aqueous corrosion
testing in a variety of different
environments including fresh
and sea water.
III. FRACTURE AND MECHANICAL TESTING
 

This includes different types of destructive

testing methods such as Tension tests, bend
tests, Charpy Impact tests, Pellini drop
weight testing, peel tests, crush testing,
Pressure and fracture testing. As welll as
the testing of metals, Fracture and
mechanical tests can be carried out on
different materials, such as welded
polymers Including plastic pipes.
 IV. HYDROGEN TESTING

This type of testing covers materials

that have a risk of corrosion from
exposure to hydrogen. These tests
can be carried out at a variety of
different temperatures and strain
rates.
  04 FATIGUE TESTING
Performed in air or seawater environments, these tests are used
to test parent materials and the endurance of welded joints
under constant or variable amplitude loading. This
desructive testing method can also be used for fatigue crack
growth testing of welds, base metals, and heat affected
zones.
 TYPES OF FATIGUE FAILURE

1. Mechanical fatigue- fluctuations in externally applied

stresses or strains.
2. Creep Fatigue- Cyclic loads at high temperatures.
3. Corrosion Fatigue- Cyclic loads in a chemically aggressive
or embrittling environment.
4. Fretting Fatigue – Cyclic loads combined with frictional
sliding.