Fuel system of SI and

CI engines
Simple carburetor
• . The carburetor works on Bernoulli's
principle: the faster air moves, the lower its
static pressure, and the higher its dynamic
pressure. The throttle (accelerator) linkage
does not directly control the flow of liquid
fuel. ... Later engines used an early form of
fuel injection known as a pressure carburetor.
• simple carburetor consists of a venturi and a fuel
jet located therein. For maintaining the level of
fuel in the jet, a float chamber is usually required.
• A throttle valve in the form of a flat circular metal
disc mounted on a spindle. This is provided for
controlling the flow of air-fuel mixture to the
induction manifold.
• A rotary type valve also can be used instead of
disc type.
• This results in rapid drop in the pressure. Thus, it
creates negative pressure. So, it allows the fuel pipe
to lift the fuel from the carburetor's float chamber
and spray it into the incoming air. Here, the fuel
mixes with the air proportionately. Then, the
mixture passes on to the engine cylinders thru’ its
intake manifold. Thus, the carburetor atomizes and
vaporizes the fuel and mixes it with air according to
engine's changing operating conditions.
 Advantages of a Carburetor
• Simple design
• Economical to manufacture
• Easy to service
• Spares are affordable
• A local mechanic can fix its problems.
Disadvantages of Carburetor
• Cannot provide a perfect air-fuel ratio consistently.
• Cannot control the wastage of fuel effectively.
• More number of parts in some complex designs which makes
diagnosis difficult.
• Some designs develop the problem of vapour lock resulting in engine
stalling.
• Delivers lower mileage & power as compared to fuel-injected systems.
Measurement of Quality of Injection
Standard Gasoline Injectors