Virtual Server 2005 R2 Seminar

Ronald Beekelaar Beekelaar Consultancy

* See http://home.planet.nl/~rooze358/echtebladen.htm

ronald@beekelaar.com
Version: 30-Oct-2006
Copyright 2005-2006 Beekelaar Consultancy

About this session

Objectives

Understand architecture of Virtual Server 2005 Understand how Virtual Server works Explain key scenarios for Virtual Server Future functionality

Carmine / Virtual Machine Manager Viridian / Hypervisor

About the presenter

Consultant and trainer

Security, ISA Server and Virtualization

Virtualization background:

Microsoft MVP for Virtual Machine Technology Whitepaper at microsoft.com: "Virtual PC for Developers" Manage all Virtual PC / Virtual Server labs at TechEd Europe and IT Forum Europe Create and optimize many VMs

Contact:

Beekelaar Consultancy ronald@beekelaar.com

Session hours
Schedule: 09.30 11.00: Presentation

11.00 11.10 break 12.30 13.30 lunch 15.00 15.10 break

11.10 12.30: Presentation

13.30 15.00: Presentation

15.10 17.00: Presentation

Microsoft strategy
Vision of virtualization

IT organization benefit when workloads are decoupled from hardware

Increased availability, manageability

Long term, workloads will be increasingly dynamic Virtualization is a key enabling technology to achieve this

Support
By Microsoft PSS

Vision in WSS Common Engineering Criteria:

... all server products will support Microsoft Virtual Server 2005. Each product must be capable of running from within a virtual instance. Exemptions will be granted if: The product requires hardware that is not currently supported in the VM environment. Core product scenarios fail because of virtualization performance or scaling issues.

See - www.microsoft.com/windowsserversystem/cer
Exchange Server 2003 - Only on Virtual Server 2005 R2 or later (KB 320220) Certificate Server - Only with Win2003 SP1 or later guest and host (KB 897614) KB 897613 - Microsoft supports Windows Server System software running within a Microsoft Virtual Server environment subject to the Microsoft Support Lifecycle policy ... KB 897614 - The following Windows Server System software is not supported within a Microsoft Virtual Server environment: Speech Server, ISA Server, Sharepoint Portal Server. KB 897615 - For Microsoft customers who do not have a Premier-level support agreement, Microsoft will require the issue to be reproduced independently from the non-Microsoft hardware virtualization software. KB 917437 - Microsoft support for Linux guest operating systems is currently limited to the following list of qualified and tested operating systems: [9 Linux distributions]

Limitations

Product versions
Product
Virtual PC 2004 Virtual Server 2005 Virtual PC 2004 SP1 Virtual Server 2005 R2 Virtual PC 2004 Express Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 Virtual PC 2007 Windows Virtualization

Release Hosts
Oct 2003
Win2000 Pro SP4 Win XP Pro (Tablet, SP1) Win XP Pro Win2003 SBS Win2003 (SE, EE, Data) Same as Virtual PC 2004 + Win2003 SE Same as Virtual Server 2005 + Win XP Pro SP2 (non prod) + Win2003 (SP1, R2) + Win XP / Win2003 x64

Guests **
MS-DOS 6.22 * / OS/2 Win 95, 98, 98SE, ME * Win NT4 SP6a (wrkstn) * Win2000 Pro SP4 Win XP (Tablet, SP1) Win NT4 SP6a (server) * Win2000 Server Win2003 (SE, EE, Web) Same as Virtual PC 2004 + Win XP SP2 Same as Virtual Server 2005 + Win XP Pro SP2 + Win2003 (SP1, R2) + Linux (9x distro's) - Apr 2006

Jul 2004 Oct 2004 Nov 2005

~Mar 2006 ~Feb 2007 ~Mar 2007 Longhorn + 180 days

Same as Virtual PC 2004 SP1 + But can only run a single VM + With Vista Enterprise / only for Software Assurance customers +Intel VT and AMD Virtualization processor support +Volume Shadow Copy Service support +Intel VT and AMD Virtualization processor support +Vista support (Host and Guest) Implement Windows Hypervisor New virtualization model, requires VT/Virtualization hardware Code name "Viridian"

* Currently at end of support lifecycle ** See http://vpc.visualwin.com for a list of 1300+ (!) OS that run in Virtual PC / Virtual Server 7 See KB 867572 for a list of supported OS in Virtual Server 2005 R2

Pricing
Product
Virtual PC 2004 Virtual Server 2005 Standard Edition Virtual Server 2005 Enterprise Edition Virtual Server 2005 R2 Standard Edition Virtual Server 2005 R2 Enterprise Edition Virtual Server 2005 R2 Enterprise Edition * Virtual PC 2007 Windows Virtualization
* Virtual Server 2005 Standard Edition is no longer available

Price (US)
After 12-Jul-2006:

Free (was $ 129) $ 499 $ 999 $ 99 $ 199

After 1-Jan-2006:

Free download Free download Free download

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Free

Why would Microsoft do that?

Reasons:

Customer satisfaction Increase interest in Win2003 R2 EE

1 license = 4 VMs + host

Accelerate proof-of-concept test efforts Rapidly deploy workloads (AD / SQL / BizTalk, etc) Ease migration to Longhorn virtualization

Licensing
Windows server licenses

Licensing changes for server products

Virtualization friendly (after 1-Dec-2005)

Only count licenses for running VMs For per-processor licenses, only count virtual CPUs in VM Single Win2003 R2 EE license: 1 host + 4x Win2003 R2 EE in guest

Virtualization unlimited (after 1-Oct-2006)

Single Win2003 R2 Datacenter license: 1 host + unlimited Win2003 R2 (any) guests

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See - www.microsoft.com/licensing/resources/volbrief.mspx

Licensing
Hosting licenses

Licensing changes for hosting

Before 3-Apr-2006:

EULA for Virtual Server in license.rtf:

4. ... You may not: [..]; use the software for commercial software hosting services.

After 3-Apr-2006:

With free download at

www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx? familyid=6DBA2278-B022-4F56-AF96-7B95975DB13B
In addition to the license terms of this downloaded software, you are also granted rights to use the software to provide hosted services. End customers receiving this software service are not required to obtain their own Microsoft software licenses. [..]

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Specifications

Host

CPU

VS2005 Standard Edition: max 4 CPUs (1 or 2 cores) VS2005 Enterprise Edition: max 32 CPUs (1 or 2 cores)

Memory: max 64 GB CPU: max 1 Memory: max 3.6 GB Network adapters: max 4 - unlimited bandwidth ! USB: no

Guest

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Differences VS2005 - VPC2004

Virtual Server 2005:

Virtual PC 2004:

Use multiple host CPUs

Use single host CPU

Multithreaded

Single thread for all VMs

Multiple CD ROMs drives NAT through host ICS Unlimited networks

Single CD ROM drive NAT support Network per host (loopback) adapter

Only in VS2005:

Only in VPC2004:

SCSI disk (in VM) COM API Remote Management Run as service

Sound card (VM) Folder Sharing Drag-and-drop Copy / Paste

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Auto start VMs

New in Virtual Server 2005 R2

Performance

Increased performance
x64 hosts: Win2003 and WinXP Virtual Machine clustering

Scalability

Availability

Failover VM on same host Uses Shared SCSI (or iSCSI) in guest Move VS2005 to other host Planned and unplanned downtime Requires script - http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=55644

Virtual Server Host clustering

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New in Virtual Server 2005 R2

Additional guest support

+ Win2003 SE SP1 + WinXP SP2

PXE Booting F6 disk (SCSI disk)

Speeds up Windows installation

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Virtual Disk Precompactor.iso Supports hyperthreading on host Reserve space for save state file (.vsv) Open Windows Firewall ports at install

Architecture
Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)

CPU needs to switch between host process and guest process

VMM switches context between those processes Computer runs either host context or VMM context

Only one operating system can "run" on CPU Ring compression

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Architecture
Host
Admin Web Site IIS
Ring 3

Provided by
Windows

Guest (VM)

Virtual Server Others

Virtual Server Service

Guest Applications
Ring 3

Ring 1

VM Additions

Windows in VM Virtual hardware

Ring 0

Win2003 or WinXP

Kernel
Hardware
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VMM.sys

CPU virtualization
Execution modes

Two methods to virtualize CPU for guest OS:

Binary translation

Translate guest instruction code to host instruction code Always possible, but slow Guest OS runs in user-mode directly on CPU - fast ! When a priviliged operation is required, a trap occurs, and VMM handles operation in kernel mode Some kernel-mode read operations are allowed in ring 3 ! Most guest OS code can run direct-mode execution (fast), but some parts require binary translation (slow)

Direct-mode execution

However, x86 is not fully virtualized in this way

Conclusion:

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CPU virtualization
Role of VM Additions

Issue:

VMM must decide what guest OS code can run:

By using direct-mode execution (fast) - preferred By using binary translation (slow)

Rules:

Guest OS user-mode (ring 3)

Always use direct-mode execution

Guest OS kernel-mode (ring 0)

Use only binary translation Unless OS-specific VM Additions, running in guest, indicates what kernel-mode code is safe for direct-mode execution

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VM Additions
Versions
Build Release
10.21 13.40 13.187 13.206 13.306 13.518 13.531
with Virtual PC 5.2 with Virtual PC 2004 (download) with VS2005 with Virtual PC 2004 SP1 with VS2005 SP1 beta (download) with VS2005 R2 with VS2005 R2 SP1 beta1 (download - Connect)

Notes
(Called Virtual PC Additions)

Supports Win XP SP2

Supports Win2003 SP1 Supports Win2003 R2 and Vista (-build 5270)

13.552
13.705 13.706
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Supports Vista B2 (-build 5384) and Longhorn

VM Additions
Linux

Adds:

time sync, heartbeat, shutdown support, SCSI disk, mouse/display driver

Red Hat 7.3/9.0, Enterprise 2.1/3/4 SuSE Linux 9.2/9.3/10.0, Enterprise Server 9 More available at release VS 2005 R2 SP1

Distributions (9x)

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Usage Scenarios
Production server consolidation

Consolidate low-utilization workloads Legacy OS (NT4) and application re-hosting Resource partitioning (limit resources per VM) Workload deployment and provisioning OS and application patching (swap VMs) Isolation / sandboxing
Workload mobility Rapid provisioning of multiple virtual machines Undo-disk and save state helpful

Business continuity management

Dynamic data center

Development and test

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Usage Scenario
Production server consolidation

Consolidate workloads

Infrastructure applications Branch office and datacenter workloads Low-utilization workloads Efficient use of available hardware resources
NT4 guest applications on Win2003 host

Re-host legacy OS and applications

Run on current hardware and current OS No application updates required

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Partition resources

Limit CPU resource per VM

Usage Scenario
Business continuity management

Workload deployment

Quickly switch pre-configured VM (vhd-files) For disaster recovery Eliminate unscheduled downtime
Deploy and test patches off-production, and swap Eliminate scheduled downtime Isolate OS environments for untrusted applications Prevent malicious code from affecting others

OS and application patching

Isolation / sandboxing

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Usage Scenario
Dynamic datacenter

Workload mobility

Package up entire OS environment and move to other location Flexible deployment of workloads

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Usage Scenario
Development and test

Rapid provisioning of virtual machines

Provide multiple VMs for testing quickly Use save state to start up quickly Recreate reported issues Avoid use of production network Use undo-disk to rollback to known state
Provision multiple VMs with variations Use difference-disks for easy provisioning

Create arbitrary test scenarios

Wider test range for niche scenarios

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Usage Scenario
Other server consolidation
Workload
Branch office and department applications
Enterprise applications File and print Database E-mail

Microsoft products
Win2003 and Virtual Server 2005

Sample scenario
Enterprise customer migrates Windows NT 4.0 applications from 1,000 standalone servers to 50 centralized, 4-way, rack-mount systems Medium-sized customer moves enterprise resource planning suite onto 8-way systems running Windows Server 2003 and WSRM Small business consolidates file and print servers by using network attached storage (NAS) Enterprise customer consolidates databases on highly scalable IA-64 systems Medium-sized business consolidates email servers using Exchange Server on scalability cluster

Win2003 and WSRM

Windows Storage Server Win2003 and SQL Server 2005 Win2003 and Exchange Server 2003

Web

Win2003 and IIS 6.0

Hosting service consolidates extranet applications on blades

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Configuration

Memory

As much as physical machine + 25 MB overhead

CPU

VS has resource control

Weighted / Maximum % / Reserve %

One CPU per VM

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Networking

Create .vnc-files to define "virtual switches" Three settings per vnc-file:

- Network name - Connected to which host network adapter or to None (guest-only) - DHCP settings for this switch

Pre-defined vnc-files:

Internal network.vnc Separate vnc-file for each host network adapter

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Disks

Data store in virtual hard disk (.vhd) files File format is the same:

Virtual PC 2004 Virtual Server 2005 Windows Virtualization (future) IDE (VPC2004): 130,557 MB (= 127.5 GB) IDE (VS2005): 130,048 MB (= 127.0 GB) SCSI (VS2005): 2,088,960 MB (= 2040.0 GB)

Max sizes

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Disks
VHD Format

Free license from Microsoft

www.microsoft.com/windowsserversystem/virtualserver/ techinfo/vhdspec.mspx 45 vendors signed up (April 2006) Virtual Hard Disk Format Specification

Examples: Diskeeper PlateSpin WinImage XenSource

Introductions Overview of Virtual Hard Disk Types Virtual hard disk Footer Format Dynamically expanding .VHD Header Format Block Allocation Table and Data Blocks Implementing a Dynamically expanding .VHD Mapping a Disk Sector to a Sector in the Block Splitting virtual hard disks Implementing a Differencing virtual hard disk CHS Calculation

From 17-Oct-2006:

Unregistered download available

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Differencing disks

VHD files use blocks of 2 MB

Virtual Server service

Read

Write 3

Create 1 2 3 4

Delete

Link to parent

Grow File-c.doc 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 File-d.doc 1 2 3 4 File-d.doc Read only

File-a.doc File-b.doc 32

Disks
Read/write zero-filled files

VHD file format optimizes read/write of zero-filled blocks

Best example: empty pagefile.sys

Virtual Server service

Write

Write

Read
000 000 000 000

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4 5

000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000

1112 ...

000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000

1 2 3 4 File-a.doc 33

4 Pagefile.sys

Move disk from VPC to VS

From IDE to SCSI

Issue: How to boot IDE vhd as SCSI vhd Steps

1. In VS console:

Add SCSI Adapter (ID 7) to VM Leave boot disk as IDE disk

2. Startup VM

Found new hardware: Adaptec AIC-7870 PCI SCSI Adapter Needs Win2003 CD for aic78xx.sys (56 KB)

Now you can boot as SCSI, but this is a slow SCSI driver.

34

Move disk from VPC to VS

From IDE to SCSI
3. In running VM:

Open Device Manager Right-click Adaptec / Update Driver Install from a specific location / Have Disk Browse to C:\Program Files\Virtual Machine Additions Installs SCSI driver: Microsoft Virtual Machine PCI SCSI

Now the fast SCSI driver is loaded

4. In VS console:

Swith boot disk from IDE to SCSI adapter Virtual PC can still boot from disk as IDE

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Clustering

Three different options

Virtual Machine (Guest) Clustering - iSCSI

Cluster VMs on different hosts

Virtual Machine (Guest) Clustering - Shared SCSI

Cluster VMs on same host

Virtual Server Host Clustering

Cluster VS on different hosts

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Clustering
Guest to Guest
iSCSI connection

Host to Host
SAN or iSCSI connection

Cluster storage

Cluster storage

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Clustering
Virtual Machine (Guest) Clustering

VM (Guest) is the cluster node

Application in guest is a resource group Application is cluster-aware (or Generic)

Protects against failure of Guest

If VM or application fails, then failover to other VM on same host or on another host

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Clustering
Virtual Server Host Clustering

Host is the cluster node

Each VM (Guest) is a resource group Generic Script havm.vbs makes VM "cluster-aware"

Function Function Function Function Function Function Open() [..] Online() [..] LooksAlive() [..] IsAlive() [..] Offline() [..] Terminate() [..] 'starts Virtual Server service 'send start control to VM 'quick check if VM is alive 'thorough check if VM is alive 'send save state control to VM 'best attempt to take offline

Protects against failure of Host

Application in guest is not monitored by cluster

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Clustering
Virtual Server Host Clustering

Benefits

Move VMs before scheduled host maintenance

Hardware upgrades Software updates on host Steps: Saves state VM1 - failover - restore state in VM2 Steps: (Oops) - failover - startup VM2

Protect against unscheduled host failure

Run legacy operating systems in a "clustered" way

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Clustering
Virtual Server Host Clustering

Deploy

Hosts run Cluster service

Uses iSCSI or SCSI/Fibre Channel to shared storage Note: Disable Cluster service when installing VS2005

Each VM is in a Resource Group

Or multiple VMs in same Resource Group Implemented as Physical Disk resource Containing vmc-file, vhd-file and vsv-file

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Add havm.vbs as Generic Script in Resource Group Resource dependencies:

Script havm.vbs OS disk Data disk

Backup of VM

Three methods:
- Inside VM, run backup application

Treat VM as a normal physical machine

- Stop VM (save state) - On host, backup vhd/vsv files - Start up VM

Only short VM downtime Not supported for DCs in VM !

- Needs: Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 - On host, run backup application - Copy 'open' vhd files - uses VSS and VS Writer

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VS Writer ensures vhd-file is in consistent state Do NOT use without Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1

Best practices
Performance

Install VM Additions in all VMs Use enough memory per VM

To avoid paging inside VM

On host, for disks:

Use multiple physical disks Use SCSI host disks Defragment host disk Use NTFS

Use NTFS compression - maybe

On host, use multiple network adapters

Unbind Virtual Machine Network Service from dedicated host adapter

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Best practices
Performance

VM configuration

Use SCSI disk for vhd-file

Ensure VM Additions SCSI driver is used

Use fixed disk instead of dynamic disks Disable unnecessary services:

Guest configuration

Indexing, auto-search for network resources, etc

Defragment guest disk

Not when using differencing disk

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Best practices
Operations

Disable VM time synchronization when VMs are in a domain

Does not use time zones !

When copying VMs:

Run Sysprep, or Newsid (sysinternals.com) Do not include save state (.vsv) file
Use script for UPS

Stop VS when shutting down host computer

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Best practices
Operations

When using undo-disk:

Allow enough disk space for Undo-disk

Make parent disk read-only

When using differencing-disk:

46

Future
Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1

Features

Intel VT and AMD Virtualization support Volume Shadow Copy (VSS) support Additional Linux VM Additions Active Directory integration and management Vista as Guest support Also...

Host clustering whitepaper included Default vhd capacity is 127 GB (was 16 GB) Virtual SCSI fix for Linux 2.6.x guests VHD mount tool

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Future
Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1

Windows guests do not run faster

Windows installation is 2x-3x faster Non-Windows guests (Linux, Netware) run faster

Available

Beta 1: May 2006 - Cool name: VS2K5R2SP1B1 Beta 2: Aug 2006 Final release: ~Feb 2007

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Virtual Machine Manager

Management Tool

VM VMVM VMVMVM VMVMVMVM VMVMVMVMVM VMVMVMVM V VMVM VM M VM

System Center Virtual Machine Manager

Code name: "Carmine"

(= color: rgb 150-0-24

Incorrect name: Virtual Server Manager

See mms://wm.microsoft.com/ms/windowsserversystem/ systemcenter/WinHEC_Content_For_TechEd_MBR.wmv

Shown at WinHEC 2006 (23-May-2006)

Available

Beta: Sep 2006 RTM: ~Oct 2007

For Virtual Server and for Virtualization Is MMC console

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Virtual Machine Manager

Features

Resource optimization

Identify consolidation candidates Fast P2V Optimum workload placement on host computers Central library of virtualization components Running VMs, offline VMs, vhd-files, vnc-files Self-service provisioning Templates: create standardize VMs Automatic placement on suitable host computer Distributed storage infrastructure - uses DFS Host provisioning

Rapid provisioning

50

Uses PowerShell ("Monad") for scripting

Future
VMM arrangements
Type-2 VMM Hybrid VMM Type-1 VMM Hypervisor

Guest 1

Guest 2 Guest 1 Host OS Guest 2 Guest 1 Guest 2

VMM Host OS Hardware

VMM Hardware

VMM (Hypervisor) Hardware

Examples: - JVM - .NET CLR

Examples: - Virtual PC - Virtual Server

Example: - Windows Virtualization

("Viridian")

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Windows Virtualization

Virtualization for Windows Server

Code name "Viridian" Windows Hypervisor

(= color: rgb 64-130-109

Thin layer of software, underneath "host OS" Parent partition - manages child partitions Child partition - any number of OS, managed by parent Runs in root partition (= parent partition) Provides virtualization of devices WMI interface for management Hardware sharing architecture Need "viridian" drivers in guest

Virtualization Stack

Virtualization Service Providers (VSPs)

52

Windows Virtualization

Virtualization for Windows Server

No new driver model

Can use existing Windows drivers in guest

Support for Server Core as parent OS Multiple snapshots Live virtual machine migration Same set of emulated hardware

S3 Trio video card, DEC 21440 network card, etc

Hot "add": processor, memory, network, disk Storage: speed dynamic, persistence uncertain

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Architecture
Host
Admin Web Site IIS
Ring 3

Provided by
Windows

Guest (VM)

Virtual Server Others

Virtual Server Service

Guest Applications
Ring 3

Ring 1

VM Additions

Windows in VM Virtual hardware

Ring 0

Win2003 or WinXP

Kernel
Hardware
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VMM.sys

Windows Virtualization
Parent partition Child partition

Provided by
Windows Win Virtualizaton Others

Virtualization Stack WMI VM Service VM Worker Guest Applications Windows Kernel

Ring 3

Windows (core) Kernel

VSPs

VSCs

VMBus
Windows Hypervisor Hardware
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Enlightments

Ring 0 Ring "-1"

Competition
OS virtualization

VMware

www.vmware.com Very well known - see next slides

Xen

www.xensource.com Open source - will be included in Linux

Parallels

www.parallels.com New (Dec 2005), supports Intel VT

56

Competition
Application virtualization

Virtuozzo

www.swsoft.com Shares host OS files

Softricity

www.softricity.com Acquired by Microsoft (announced 22-May-2006)

57

Competition
VMware - "virtualize everything"

Products

VMware Server

Free 64-bit VMs, but limited to memory 3.6 GB per VM No integration with VMotion EULA does not allow performance comparison Faster than VS2005

ESX server

Big differences:

Price and Microsoft support

58

Competition
VMware - ESX 3.0

Three versions

ESX 3.0 Starter

$1000 / 2 cpu $3750 / 2 cpu $5750 / 2 cpu

ESX 3.0 Standard

ESX 3.0 Enterprise

59

Competition
VMware - additional costs

Extra

SMP support

MS: In future, included in Windows Virtualization Planned migration of VMs (1 second downtime) MS: Planned and unplanned migration through clustering Management: provisioning and ESX monitoring MS: Integrate with VS pack for MOM, and SMS Convert physical to virtual - not free MS: VSMT is free

VMotion

VCenter

P2V

60

Reference information

Weblogs

"Virtual PC Guy" (Ben Armstrong/MS)

http://blogs.msdn.com/Virtual_PC_Guy/ http://blogs.msdn.com/mikekol/ http://blogs.technet.com/jhoward/

"Virtual Vista" (Mike Kolitz/MS)

"Windows Virtualization" (John Howard/MS)

Scripts

TechNet

www.microsoft.com/technet/scriptcenter/scripts/vs/default.mspx

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More information
Whitepapers

Virtualization Licensing Brief

www.microsoft.com/licensing/resources/volbrief.mspx

Using iSCSI with Virtual Server 2005 R2

http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=55646

Virtual Server Host Clustering whitepaper and script

http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=55644

Virtual Server Guest Clustering

www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/virtualserver/deploy/ cvs2005.mspx

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More information
Software

Download Virtual Server 2005 R2 EE (including VM Additions 13.552)

www.microsoft.com/windowsserversystem/virtualserver/software/ default.mspx

Download Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 Beta1 (including VM Additions 13.706)

connect.microsoft.com - sign-up for beta www.microsoft.com/windowsserversystem/virtualserver/ evaluation/linuxguestsupport/default.mspx http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=37030

Download Linux VM Additions

Download VSMT

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