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Review The Land Tenure at Least 3
Review The Land Tenure at Least 3
Land tenure is the way in which people have access to and use land and natural
resources. It can be described as the institutional (political, economic, social, and
legal) structure that determines how individuals and groups secure access to land
and associated resources, including trees, minerals, pasture, and water
Based on our course of study, we will focused on three countries each under
developing, developed, and underdeveloped countries , with well detailed
information about their past land tenure systems, its shortcomings remedy and
their present land tenure systems
For developing countries we considered; Uganda, India and Eritrea
For developed countries we considered; Canada, China and Norway
For underdeveloped countries we considered ; Zambia, Congo and Angola
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
UGANDA
Rights of clans over land which was comprised of ancestral grounds and was
not alienable to strangers
COLONIAL AND POST-COLONIAL UGANDA
until
in the 1995 Constitution, Uganda enacted a new land law whose primary objective focuses more on customary land tenure system
which are:
Tenure security: Land Ownership, Customary Ownership, Tenants on Registered Land, Communal land Ownership
Women and other Vulnerable groups: According the Land Act in S.40 which provides in accordance with
constitutional provisions, that any customary provisions, that any customary practices which deny women, children, vulnerable
groups or use of any land shall be null and void.
Land Management Institutions which includes; District Land Boards, Land Committees, Recorders, District Land Tribunals, Sub-
county Land Tribunals
The Land Act of Uganda 1998 recognizes four major systems of land tenure:
. Customary tenure : land guided by the rules of the state(it's the most common)
Mailo tenure: a land reward system given to the loyalist by the British
free hold: an indefinite ownership to land with title
lease or tenancy: land lords can lease their land for a period of time.
INDIA
Pre-colonial
In ancient times, the king holds total control of thier land in which he collects one sixth of the farmers produce
which later increase to one forth and led to the system called ;revenue farming’ by Farukhsiyer (1713-19)
Colonial period
three major system of land tenure system before independent: zamindari system and the mahalwari system
which were responsible for the collection of rent from the cultivators; and the ryotwari system which allows
direct payment to the state.
SHORT COMINGS
After independence India passed through four different stages of land reformation
between (1950-1995) which generally focus on:
Ceilings of holdings & Consolidation of holdings: whereby land are restricted to a
number of land purchase
privatize agriculture
Reduction Social stratification and 'caste based' land distribution
major land system in India: private ownership, tenancy, and more of state
ownership
Which led to the biggest farm in India: DANSTA FARM OF 2200 acre
Ahmedabad,Gujarat.
DANSTA FARM OF 2200 ACRE
AHMEDABAD,GUJARAT, INDIA.
ERITREA
Population: 3,546,421
During colonization, France took over the western part of Canada; system practiced; the Seigneurial system: landlords were allotted land
holdings known as manors
The British took over the eastern part of Canada, while they introduced a system called; crown lands(complete ownership by there king)
Deceit and forced slavery at the expense owning a land as a Canadian indigene
PRESENT LAND TENURE SYSTEM
Land transfer
Since all lands are allocated to their kings and not the people, there have so many records
and trends of misuse of lands
Internal war among the royal family, clans, and states
Corruption and exploitation and force labor
Inconsistency in the enforcement of the rulings due to change of power and war
Rapid take-overs of land by other powerful countries due to their inconsistency
Slow developmental rate and loss of power as a result of bad leadership and land
managements
PRESENT LAND TENURE SYSTEM
In pre-colonial ,The right to claim land came with citizenship in a village and can be denied a headman until internal conflict
took place and the ‘British tookover’,
Four major concepts were introduced by the British
Freehold &Leasehold: To the settlers, land was given on freehold or leasehold, and such holdings were registered
Crown land:
Trust land: This land was carved out of the Crown land and meant for the occupation of indigenous people.
Shortcomings of the past land tenure system
War and internal conflict
All the indigenes lost their land to the Britain which led to the loss of their right to land
Force labor and human exploitation
The colonial government ensured that the most valuable land (both farming and minerals) was only made available to
foreigners and not the indigenes farmers and Excessive mineral exploration
PRESENT LAND TENURE SYSTEM
During the colonial period, land were declared property of the Belgian crown
Congo’s land became a mixture of crown lands, and licensed private land, usually
to the Belgian companies
Present land tenure system in Congo
During President Mobutu’s post-Independence reign (1965–1997), all land in the
DRC was officially nationalized
Major land tenure system:
customary and state ownership
ANGOLA
In conclusion, it is clear that each countries of their various categories have almost
different land tenure system and their similarities in concept, problems and institutional
goals dated back from their history till now.
It is also clear that this various land tenure systems are not the major independent
factor of developmental change in each countries but their response to this land tenure
system, its management and their engagement with innovations towards the
management of land usage.