BUILDING UTILITIES 01

Completion Requirement

Submitted By: Submitted To:

MEJIA, Marinelle Joy P. Arch. CIRIACO, Javier Kenneth
BS Architecture Student Building Utilities Instructor
 CONTENTS
The Basics
Waterline Layout Upfeed
Waterline Layout Downfeed
Hot and Cold Waterline Upfeed
Hot and Cold Waterline Downfeed
Instantaneous-Type Water Heater
 THE BASICS

How water reaches your Home:

Almost every home in the country has the benefit of a mains water supply. The water is
distributed through underground mains, and the supply to individual properties is tapped
into beneath the roadside.
The supply pipe runs to a control valve, known as the water authority stopcock or
stoptap, which is usually located beneath a small metal plate set in the pavement in front of
the property.
Under the cover is a shaft, with the stoptap typically about 60cm (24”) below ground
level to prevent it freezing in cold weather – especially applicable to countries experiencing
the four seasons.
From this stoptap, the pipe runs on underground to the point where it enters the house,
usually through a sleeve to protect it from any settlement of the house wall.
 THE BASICS

How water reaches your Home:

It then rises to the floor, and terminates in another stoptap, known as the rising main
stoptap, which is used to control the flow of all water into the house.
WATERLINE LAYOUT
(Upfeed)
 WATERLINE LAYOUT(Upfeed)
A type of distribution system in which water is provided by the city water companies using
normal pressure from the public water main.

EXAMPLE: Flow of Water Explanation

1. From the city main, water is supplied to the

building by passing through service pipe first then
to the water meter, having a gate valve( the
water authority stoptap) before it and a check
valve after it (the rising main stoptap).
2. Then to the building’s distribution pipe.

Check valve
Water Meter
Gate valve
 WATERLINE LAYOUT(Upfeed)

EXAMPLE: Flow of Water Explanation

3. By using normal pressure, the water will then be

distributed all throughout the building fixtures
primarily for drinking and cooking purposes, for
washing machine, dishwasher and also to the water
closet cisterns.
 WATERLINE LAYOUT(Upfeed)

Riser

EXAMPLE: Flow of Water Explanation

4. For the second floor, from the first floor, the water
will be distributed through a riser pipe then to the
fixtures.
WATERLINE LAYOUT
(Downfeed)
 WATERLINE LAYOUT(Downfeed)
A type of distribution system in which water is provided to the building by pumping into a large tank on top of the
building and is distributed to the fixtures by means of gravity.

EXAMPLE: Flow of Water Explanation

1. From the city main, water is supplied to the

building by passing through service pipe first then
to the water meter, having a gate valve( the water
authority stoptap) before it and a check valve
after it (the rising main stoptap).
2. And to the building’s distribution pipe.
 WATERLINE LAYOUT(Downfeed)
A type of distribution system in which water is provided to the building by pumping into a large tank on top of the
building and is distributed to the fixtures by means of gravity.

EXAMPLE: Flow of Water Explanation

3. From the building’s distribution pipe, the water

supply will then be stored in an elevated water tank
which is located on top of the building.
 WATERLINE LAYOUT(Downfeed)
A type of distribution system in which water is provided to the building by pumping into a large tank on top of the
building and is distributed to the fixtures by means of gravity.

EXAMPLE: Flow of Water Explanation

4. From the water tank, water is then distributed to

the fixtures (upper floors to lower floors) by means of
gravity.
HOT & COLD WATERLINE LAYOUT
(Upfeed)
 HOT & COLD WATERLINE(Upfeed)
A type of distribution system in which water is provided by the city water companies using normal pressure from the
public water main which contains both of hot and cold water supply.

Cold Water Storage Tank

EXAMPLE: Flow of Water Explanation Riser Up

1. Just like the previous type (Waterline supply

upfeed),
◦ city main → check valve → water meter
→ globe valve → distribution pipe
→ cold water storage tank Hot Water Storage Tank
2. From the cold water storage tank or from direct
cold water supply, by using normal pressure, the
water will then be distributed all throughout the
building fixtures primarily for drinking and cooking
purposes, for washing machine, dishwasher and
also to the water closet cisterns.
3. From the cold water storage tank, one feed pipe
runs to the hot cylinder.
 HOT & COLD WATERLINE(Upfeed)

EXAMPLE: Flow of Water Explanation

4. The hot cylinder is heated by gravity circulation to and

from the boiler, some storage tanks already have boilers
embedded on them, then hot water is drawn off at the
top of cylinder and taken to the hot taps or faucets.
HOT & COLD WATERLINE LAYOUT
(Downfeed)
 HOT & COLD WATERLINE(Downfeed)
A type of distribution system in which water is provided to the building by pumping into a large tank on top of the
building and is distributed to the fixtures by means of gravity which contains both of hot and cold water supply.

EXAMPLE: Flow of Water Explanation

4. From the cold water storage tank, one feed pipe runs to
the hot cylinder, which is also is located on an elevated
1. From the city main, water is supplied to the spot or on top of the building.
building by passing through service pipe first then
to the water meter, having a gate valve( the water 5. The hot cylinder is heated by gravity circulation to and
authority stoptap) before it and a check valve from the boiler (some storage tanks already have boilers
after it (the rising main stoptap). embedded on them) then hot water is drawn off at the
2. Then to the building’s distribution pipe and fill the top of cylinder and taken to the hot taps or faucets.
cold water storage tank that is located on an
elevated spot or on top of the building.
3. From the cold water storage tank, by using gravity,
the water will then be distributed all throughout
the building fixtures primarily for drinking and
cooking purposes, for washing machine,
dishwasher and also to the water closet cisterns.
 HOT & COLD WATERLINE(Downfeed)
Riser Up to EWT
EXAMPLE: Flow of Water Explanation

1. From the city main, water is supplied to the

building by passing through service pipe first then
to the water meter, having a gate valve( the water
authority stoptap) before it and a check valve
after it (the rising main stoptap).
2. Then to the building’s distribution pipe and fill the
cold water storage tank that is located on an
elevated spot or on top of the building.
3. From the cold water storage tank, by using gravity,
the water will then be distributed all throughout
the building fixtures primarily for drinking and
cooking purposes, for washing machine,
dishwasher and also to the water closet cisterns.
 HOT & COLD WATERLINE(Downfeed)

Riser Down
4. From the cold water storage tank, one feed pipe
runs to the hot cylinder, which is also is located on
an elevated spot or on top of the building.

5. The hot cylinder is heated by gravity circulation to

and from the boiler (some storage tanks already
have boilers embedded on them) then hot water is
drawn off at the top of cylinder and taken to the hot
taps or faucets.
INSTANTANEOUS TYPE
WATER HEATER
 INSTANTANEOUS
A type of water heating system which provide continuous flow, instant on water heaters, also called tank-less water
heating system. It instantly heat water as it flows through the device, thus do not need to retain any water internally.

EXAMPLE: Flow of Water Explanation

(Multipoint Application)

1. From the city main, water is supplied to the

building by passing through service pipe first then Instantaneous-type water heater - A heater in which there is
to the water meter, having a gate valve( the water an exceedingly rapid increase in water temperature as the
authority stoptap) before it and a check valve water flows through tubes surrounding an electric heating
after it (the rising main stoptap). coil.
2. Individually in each unit, an instantaneous-type
water heater is then installed having gate valve
each (recommended, for more efficient use)
which is connected to the main pipe.
3. A separate pipe is installed on each water heater
connected to the faucets for usage.
 INSTANTANEOUS
Water Heater Tanks
EXAMPLE: Flow of Water Explanation
(Multipoint Application)

1. From the city main, water is supplied to the

building by passing through service pipe first then
to the water meter, having a gate valve( the water
authority stoptap) before it and a check valve
after it (the rising main stoptap).
2. Individually in each unit, an instantaneous-type
water heater is then installed having gate valve
each (recommended, for more efficient use)
which is connected to the main pipe.
3. A separate pipe is installed on each water heater
connected to the faucets for usage.
STORM DRAINAGE
LAYOUT
 STORM DRAINAGE LAYOUT
All the piping within the private and public premises which
conveys rainwater to a point of disposal.

Gutter Downspouts (DS)

EXAMPLE: Flow of Water Explanation

1. From the building roof, the rain water merge into

the roof gutter down to the rain-water downpipes
or simply known as the downspouts.
2. Downspouts are then connected to catch basins,
where rain water is then discharged. Catch basins
also “catchment area” serves as reservoirs,
especially for catching and retaining drainage in
which sediments may settle.
3. Catch basins contains sloping pipes connected to
septic vault or to the nearest storm sewer.
 STORM DRAINAGE LAYOUT
All the piping within the private and public premises which
conveys rainwater to a point of disposal.

EXAMPLE: Flow of Water Explanation Catch Basins (CB)

1. From the building roof, the rain water merge into

the roof gutter down to the rain-water downpipes
or simply known as the downspouts.
2. Downspouts are then connected to catch basins,
where rain water is then discharged. Catch basins
also “catchment area” serves as reservoirs,
especially for catching and retaining drainage in
which sediments may settle.
3. Catch basins contains sloping pipes connected to
septic vault or to the nearest storm sewer.
SEWER LINE
LAYOUT
 SEWER LINE LAYOUT
All the piping within the private and public premises which conveys
sewage and other liquid waste to a point of disposal.

EXAMPLE: Flow of Water Explanation

1. From the various housing fixtures, like water

closets, sinks, lavatories, floor drains, soil and
waste water are discharged to pipes.
2. From these pipes, soil and waste water are then
stored to a septic tank/vault for leaching and
digestion. In some places, septic vault is also
known as “inspection vault”.

Sample portion