CHAPTER 5: THE

SAMPLING
PROCESS
SAMPLING
✓ It is the process of selecting a few from bigger group to become the basis for
estimating or predicting a fact, situation or outcome regarding the bigger group.

✓ Defined as the process of selecting suitable or representative samples used for

the purpose of determining the characteristics or properties of the whole
population.

✓ It is a process used in statistical analysis in which a predetermined number of

observations are taken from a larger population.
SAMPLE
➢ Defined as any aggregate drawn from a population.

➢ A small group that is observed while the population is the larger group about
which the generalization is made.

➢ Must be adequate in size in order to produce reliable results.

➢ Should validly represent the whole population involved in the study.

STEPS USED IN SAMPLING

o The group to which the results will be generalizable.

o Consists of attribute qualities and behavior of a people or

inanimate objects or opinions of people composing a nation.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Classification of Probability Sampling

1. Random Sampling
➢ The drawing of samples of the study which gives each participant
equal chance of being selected.
To do random sampling it is necessary to define the population, list
all members of the population and then select the sample by
employing adequate procedure.
A SIMPLE RANDOM
SAMPLING
✓ Is an ordinary type of getting the representative sample either by
raffle or lottery method where each person in the population has an
equal chance of being included.

Simple Random Sampling is used when one wants to draw a

generalization for the whole population from where the sample is
drawn where such population is not scattered or more or less
homogenous.
STRATIFIED RANDOM
SAMPLING
✓ the selection of suitable samples from various groups or classes of the population involved in
the study where each class is treated as different population.
Specific sub groups should have a sufficient member of representations within the sample.

Stratified random sampling is a method of sampling that involves the division of a population
into smaller sub- groups known as strata. In stratified random sampling, or stratification, the
strata are formed based on members' shared attributes or characteristics such as income or
educational attainment.
SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
The technique of choosing the samples from the
population after determining the sample size of the
study where each class is treated as a different
population. It is done by listing the names of the
identified samples following a logical, systematic or
alphabetical or whatever acceptable arrangement.
CLUSTER SAMPLING
The selection of samples involving a cluster or a group and it is usually applied on a
geographical basis in a heterogeneous population.
This sampling is sometimes called area of sampling because it is frequently applied on a
geographical basis.

• Convenience or Accidental Sampling it involves the selection of the samples based on the
convenience of the researcher.
• Purposive or Deliberate Sampling where samples are selected based on the decision or
judgement of the researcher on who best qualifies to answer the objectives of the study.
• Quota Sampling it identifies quota or number of samples to be involved in the study with
the qualities proportionate to the population of the study.
Ways of Determine the sample Size
1. Use of formula:
Where n= size of the sample
1= Constant
N= size of population
e= desired margin of error

2. Use of percentage
✓ Descriptive Research
o 10% of a large population of 1,000 or more; 20% for a small number of populations of 500
and less.
✓ Correlational Research
o 30 Subjects
✓ Experimental Research
o 15 subjects per group of 30 per group as preferred by some authorities

✓ Ex Post Facto or Causal Comparative

o 15 subjects per group

3. Use Specific Margin of Error