TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

TESDA-SOCCSKSARGEN MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT CENTER

PV
SYSTEM
TECHNOLOGY
GREEN TECHNOLOGY

GILBERT JON S. COMETA, REE

SUPERVISING TESDS
WHAT IS SOLAR POWER?

06/18/2023
Solar power is the conversion
of sunlight into electricity
using photovoltaics (PV).
Photovoltaics convert light into
electric current using the photoelectric
effect.

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ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR POWER

1. Solar energy is free.

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2. Solar energy does not cause
pollution.
3. Solar energy can be used in remote
areas where it is too expensive to
extend the electricity power grid.
4. No mechanical parts.
5. Solar energy is infinite (forever).

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DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR POWER
1. Solar energy can only be harnessed when it is daytime and
sunny.

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2. Solar collectors, panels and cells are relatively
expensive to manufacture although prices are falling
rapidly.
3. Solar power stations can be built but they do not match
the power output of similar sized conventional power
stations. They are also very expensive.
4. The unreliable climate means that solar energy is also
unreliable as a source of energy. Cloudy skies reduce its
effectiveness.
5. Large areas of land are required to capture the suns
energy. Collectors are usually arranged together
especially when electricity is to be produced and used in
the same location.
6. (Off grid and hybrid system)The batteries are large and 4
heavy and need storage space. They also need
replacing from time to time.
SOLAR POWER COMPONENTS

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PV Module (solar panels) – Convert solar energy to electricity
Battery - Stores electricity (offgrid and hybrid system)
Charge Controller - Controls charging and discharging of
battery
Inverter- converts generated DC to AC specially used for
appliance with higher voltage requirements
Surge protector – protective device to provide a discharge
path to earth to save those systems’ components
from being exposed to the high-voltage transients
caused by the direct or indirect effects of lightning
or power system anomalies.
(Load)Lighting System - Low power and high brightness
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lighting
SOLAR POWER COMPONENTS

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Monocrystalline - high
performance solar panels.

Polycrystalline – less
efficient but cheaper

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SOLAR POWER COMPONENTS

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A deep-cycle
battery is a lead acid
battery designed to be
regularly deeply
discharged using most
of its capacity
Deep cycle battery
plates have thicker
active plates and can
handle more charging
and discharging cycle
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SOLAR POWER COMPONENTS

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A NiMH (nickel-metal
hydride) battery can
have two to three times
the capacity of an
equivalent size NiCd,
and their energy
density approaches
that of a lithium-ion
cell.

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SOLAR POWER COMPONENTS

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A charge controller, charge
regulator or battery regulator limits
the rate at which electric current is
added to or drawn from
electric batteries. It prevents
overcharging and may prevent
against overvoltage, which can
reduce battery performance or
lifespan, and may pose a safety risk.

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SOLAR POWER COMPONENTS
A solar inverter, or PV
inverter, converts the

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variable direct current (DC)
output of
a photovoltaic (PV) solar
panel into a utility frequency
alternating current (AC) that
can be fed into a commercial
electrical grid or used by a
local, off-grid electrical
network. It is a critical
component in a photovoltaic
system, allowing the use of
ordinary commercial
appliances. 10
SOLAR POWER COMPONENTS

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Types of Inverter
Square wave
Modified sine wave
Pure sine wave

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SOLAR POWER COMPONENTS

A LED lamp is a light-

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emitting diode (LED)
product that is assembled
into a lamp (or light bulb)
for use in lighting fixtures.
LED lamps have a lifespan
and electrical efficiency
that is several times better
than incandescent lamps,
and significantly better than
most fluorescent lamps,
with some chips able to
emit more than 100 lumens
per watt. 12
PICTORIAL DIAGRAM OF BASIC SOLAR
POWER GENERATION SET-UP

06/18/2023
solar panel

LED lamps

controller

common 13
inverters appliances
battery
IMPORTANT PV SYSTEM TERMS

06/18/2023
String – multiple solar panels or inverters connected
together
Panel orientation – the direction in which the panel is
facing
Tilt – the angle in which the panel is installed
Azimuth -specifies how many degrees the surface of the
module or collector diverges from the exact direction
Net metering - lets solar users to get paid for the energy
they provide to the grid

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IMPORTANT PV SYSTEM TERMS

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 PWM (pulse width modulation) controller – in using this
the result is that the voltage of the array will be pulled
down to near that of the battery
 MPPT (maximum power point tracker) controller - it
will adjust its input voltage to harvest the maximum
power from the solar array and then transform this power
to supply the varying voltage requirement, of the battery
plus load

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06/18/2023 ERWIN E. LABERINTO, TESD Specialist II
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TYPES OF PV SYSTEM

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 OFF GRID SYSTEM
 provides electricity in situations where utility power is
not available
 ideal for minimal loads such as in cottages and remote
home locations or for anyone craving greater energy
independence
 Controller regulates the DC power to the batteries(DC
power is sometimes used for lights and small appliances
in small camps or cottages)

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TYPES OF PV SYSTEM

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 GRID TIE SYSTEM
 match the phase alongside a utility charged sine wave
 automatically turn itself off during power losses to
ensure safety
 do not provide emergency power during brown outs
 recommended for a home which is powered by a utility
grid to use a grid tie inverter in their solar system for
them to take advantage of net metering

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TYPES OF PV SYSTEM

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 HYBRID OFFGRID SYSTEM(HOG)
 keep you powered during blackouts
 will use solar before Meralco(grid)
 store any excess power in the batteries
 run the batts down till set rate (usually 50%) and charge
from Meralco only if needed
 simply our “bawal brownout” system
 dramatically extend life of batteries over brainless Off
grid

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TYPES OF PV SYSTEM

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 HYBRID OFFGRID and GRID TIE SYSTEM(HAGRID
)
 you can configure it with your computer to turn it into a
pure offgrid
 offgrid with AC charging
 grid tie with feed-in for net metering applications
 You can also manually set the definition of what is “low
bat” and when to stop discharging, as well as when to
start discharging again

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