NÁUTICO E PORTUÁRIO INSTITUTE

Theme: Fire Prevention and Fighting

Esperanca Domingos Manuel

FIRE PREVENTION AND
FIGHTING
In order to delve into the theme of fire prevention and fighting, it is necessary to give a theoretical basis on fire and its elements, heat transmission, fire and extinguishing methods, thus contributing to a better understanding of the subject and development of the work .
What Is Fire?
 DEFINITION:

Fire is a chemical process of transformation. We can

also define it as the result of a chemical reaction that
gives off light and heat due to the combustion of
different materials.
 WHAT IS
NECESSARY
FOR FIRE TO
START?

THE UNION OF THREE BASIC ELEMENTS

FUEL MATERIAL

HEAT

COMBURANT
 FUEL
It's all stuff that burns.

They are solid, liquid and

gaseous,
solids and liquids first turn into
gas by heat and then ignite.

Solid

Wood, paper, fabric, cotton, ...

 Liquid

Volatile – are those that give off

flammable gases at room temperature.
Ex.: alcohol, ether, benzene, etc.
Non-Volatile - are those that give off
flammable gases at temperatures higher
than that of the environment.
E.g. oil, grease, etc.
Gaseous

Butane, propane, ethane, etc..

 Comburant (oxygen)

It is the activating element of

the fire, which combines with
the flammable vapors of the
fuels, giving life to the flames
and allowing the fire to expand.
It makes up atmospheric air in a
percentage of 21%, and the
minimum required to sustain
combustion is 16%.
 HEAT

It is a form of energy. It is the

element that starts the fire, it is
the element that makes the fire
spread.
It could be a spark, a flame or
even overheating in energized
machines and appliances.
WHAT IS FIRE?
DEFINiTION:
The fire is an uncontrolled combustion, which can reach unusual extensions, causes gases, flame, heat and smoke, which contributes to generate
burns, spread the fire, irritation to the eyes, injuries to the respiratory system, among other harms, endangering life, the environment and
goods
 Main Causes of Fires

• Natural Causes: Occur naturally through natural

phenomena such as lightning, volcanoes, earthquakes,
solar heat.
• Accidental causes (electrical, mechanical, chemical):
They occur in many different ways, due to occasional
failures.
 Fire Extinguishing Method
Assuming that, in order to have a fire, fuel,
oxidant and heat are necessary, forming the
fire triangle, when a chain reaction is already
accepted, for us to extinguish the fire, it is
enough to remove one of these elements.
Extinction by removal of material
(Isolation)
This method consists of
two techniques:
• Removal of material that
is burning;
• Removal of material that
is close to the
 Extinguishing by removal of oxidant
(Smothering)

This method consists of

reducing or preventing the
contact of oxygen with the
fuel.
Extinction by removal of heat (Cooling)

This method consists of

lowering the temperature
and eliminating the heat
until the fuel no longer
generates gases or vapors
and goes out.
Fire Classes
 Fire classes
Class A

• Characterized by fire in solid

materials;
• They burn in surface and depth;
• After burning, they leave residues,
embers and ashes;
• This type of fire is extinguished mainly
by the cooling method, and sometimes
by smothering it with a spray jet
 Class B

• Characterized by fire in
flammable liquid fuels;
• They burn on the surface;
• After burning, they do not
leave residues;
• This type of fire is
extinguished
by the smothering method
 Class C

• Characterized by fire in energized

materials/equipment (generally
electrical equipment);
• Extinction can only be carried out
with a non-electrically conductive
extinguishing agent, never with water
or foam extinguishers.
The first step in a class C
fire is to turn off the
power board, as this will
become a class A or B
fire.
 Class D

•• Characterized by fire in pyrophoric metals

(aluminium, antimony, magnesium, etc.)
• Are difficult to erase;
• This type of fire is extinguished by the smothering
method;
• Never use water or foam extinguishers to
extinguish the fire.
Extinguishing Agents
 Water
It is the extinguishing agent indicated for
class A fires;
Acts by cooling and/or muffling;
It can be applied in the form of a compact
jet, shower and mist. For the first two
cases, the action is by cooling. In the form
of fog, its action is cooling and muffling.
 Carbon dioxide (CO2)

It is the extinguishing agent

indicated for class C fires, as it
is not electrically conductive;
• Acts by muffling, and can
also be used in classes A, only
at the beginning and in class B
indoors
 Chemical Dust

• It is the extinguishing agent

indicated to fight class B fires;
• Acts by suffocation, and can
also be used in classes A and C,
with the latter being able to
damage the equipment.
There is only fire where prevention fails,,

THANKS!!!