Inverter

Module 1d

Tun Lin Naing

Inverter TLN

• Convert DC power to AC power.

• They can control the voltage and
frequency of AC power at any (A)
value.
• There two types of inverter used
in drive system namely (B)

• Voltage source inverters(VSI) and

• Current source inverter(CSI)
• VSI is the most industrial
standard than CSI
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Output Voltage TLN

• When the upper switch S+ is turned on and the lower switch

S- is turned off, the pole voltage becomes a positive voltage
as

• If both switches are turned OFF when positive current is

flowing through diode, the pole voltage becomes a negative
as

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Output Voltage TLN

• On the other hand, when S+ is turned off and S- is

turned on, the pole voltage becomes a negative voltage as

• If both switches are turned OFF when negative current

is flowing through diode, the pole voltage becomes a
positive as

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Pole Voltage as a Switching Function TLN

if S ON (S=1) if S OFF (S=0)

𝑉 𝑃 =𝑉 𝑑𝑐 ( 𝑆−
1
2 )
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Single-phase Half-bridge Inverter TLN

• In this type of inverters, pole voltage is

equal to the output voltage applied to the
load.
• The Fourier series expansion of the pole
voltage is

• Fundamental rms output voltage is

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Single-phase Full-bridge Inverter TLN

• the load voltage vo is the difference

between two pole voltages, vH and vL as

• each pole voltage should be displaced from

each other by 180 electrical degrees.

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Single-phase Full-bridge Inverter TLN

• The Fourier series expansion of the load voltage is

• And fundamental rms load voltage is

double the voltage of the half-

bridge inverter under an equal
DC voltage

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Load Voltage as a Switching Function TLN

𝑉 𝐻 =𝑉 𝑑𝑐 ( 𝑆𝐻 −
1
2 ) 𝑉 𝐿 =𝑉 𝑑𝑐 ( 𝑆𝐿 −
1
2 )

𝑣 𝑜=𝑉 𝑑𝑐 ( 𝑆𝐻 −𝑆 𝐿)
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Three-phase Inverter TLN

• to achieve three-phase voltages, each pole voltage should be

displaced from each other by 120 electrical degrees.

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Pole Voltages of Three-phase Inverter TLN

• Considering with conduction mode

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Line-to-line Voltages from Pole Voltage TLN

• Line to line voltage is the

difference between two pole
voltages as

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Line-to-neutral Voltages from Line-to-line Voltage
TLN

• Line-to-line voltages of a balanced three-

phase circuit are
𝑣 𝑎𝑏

• 𝑣 𝑏𝑠
• and 𝑠
𝑣 𝑏𝑐
𝑣 𝑎𝑠
• By solving above equations as follow, we can 𝑣 𝑐𝑠
get the phase voltages in terms of line
𝑣 𝑐𝑎
voltages.
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Line-to-neutral Voltages from Line-to-line Voltage
TLN

• Three-phase line-to-neutral voltages

for balanced system are

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Poles and Phase Voltages TLN

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Poles and Line Voltages TLN

• Fourier series of pole voltages • Fourier series of line voltage

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Phase Voltage TLN

• Fourier series of phase voltage

• RMS value of phase voltage

√ 2𝑉 𝑑𝑐
𝑉 𝑎𝑠= =0.45 𝑉 𝑑𝑐
𝜋

• RMS value of line voltage

√ 2 𝑉 𝑑𝑐
𝑉 𝑎𝑏=√ 3 =0.78 𝑉 𝑑𝑐
𝜋

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Switching Function Model TLN

• Pole voltages equations

• Sum of the phase voltages is zero for

balanced Y-connected load

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Switching Function Model TLN

• Writing pole voltages as switching • Phase voltage equations as switching

function function are

• Therefore, will be
• Similarly,

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Inverter Input Current TLN

• the input current of a three-phase inverter can be expressed as

switching functions as

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Pulse Width Modulation Inverter TLN

• By using PWM techniques in inverter, the following control is possible

• Linear control of the fundamental output voltage
• Control of frequency of the fundamental output voltage
• Control of harmonics included in the output voltage
• PWM techniques can be classified into three-groups as follow
• Programmed/optimal PWM
• Carrier-based PWM
• Space vector PWM Widely used techniques

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Modulation Index TLN

• Modulation index is defined as

^
𝑉 Amplitude of the inverter output phase voltage
1
𝑚𝑎=
𝑉 𝑑𝑐
2
• RMS value of line-to-neutral voltage is
𝑉 𝑑𝑐
𝑉 𝑙 − 𝑁 (𝑟𝑚𝑠 )=𝑚𝑎
2 √2

• RMS value of line-to-line voltage is

√ 3 𝑉 𝑑𝑐
𝑉 𝑙−𝑙 (𝑟𝑚𝑠)=𝑚 𝑎
2 √2
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Carrier Based PWM Techniques TLN

• In this PWM technique, the sinusoidal AC

voltage reference is compared with the high-
frequency triangular carrier wave.

• Frequency modulation index

𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝑚𝑓 =
𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

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