PRESENTED AT

ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

GROUP TRAINING WORKSHOP OF M.A/ M.ED

(SPECIAL EDUCATION)

IMRAN NAZIR
PSYCHO SOCIAL
ADJUSTMENT OF PWDS

Muhammad Imran Nazir

Group Training workshop for M.A/M.Ed
(Special Education)
AIOU Islamabad
WHAT IS PSYCHOSOCIAL ???

Psychosocial is a term referring to the mind's ability

to, consciously or unconsciously, adjust and relate the
body to its social environment.
psychosocial is defined as relate to intrapersonal,
interpersonal, and social experiences and interactions
that influence occupational behavior and development.
WHAT IS PSYCHO-SOCIAL
ADJUSTMENT?
 Psychosocial adjustment is
the psychosocial accommodation of a person to

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a life-altering event or transition (Anderson,
Keith, & Novak, 2002).
 A reflection of an individual’s psychological
wellbeing that is influenced by their experiences
in the social arena.
WHAT IS PATTERN OF BEHAVIOR?
A recurrent way of acting by an individual or
group toward a given object or in a given

6
situation.
 The noun pattern could refer to a design or to
customary behavior. Your patterns of
behavior might include your morning cup of
coffee and exercise. The word pattern can also
be used as a verb form meaning "to model." For
example, your art might be patterned after the
artwork of a famous artist.
 Disability at any age brings about
thoughtful changes to lifestyle and attitudes.
Getting a disability through illness or accident
affects not only the person with the disability but
family and friends as well. It becomes a dividing
line of before and after and requires any number
of adjustments physically, emotionally and
psychologically.
PHYSICAL

Physical disabilities vary widely but all

have the effect of putting limitations on the
person with the disability. Some may not be able
to tie a shoe. Others may not be able to reach
down to even put on the shoe but may learn to
do so by using special dressing aids. Still others
are limited to the point of needing assistance
with the most basic of human needs.
EMOTIONAL

Special persons deal with the emotional side

of realizing they may never be able to swing a bat,
run a race, walk or even dress themselves again.
Depression, anger and blame are all effects of a
disability and fight for time and thoughts. Negative
emotions must be dealt with in order to move on and
to gain a foothold on healing physically as well as
emotionally. How a person deals with the realities of
the situation plays a part in living life to the fullest,
even with limitations.
PSYCHOLOGICAL

Those whose lives revolved around a

certain activity, such as football, in which they
can no longer participate may feel life is no
longer worth living. Disabilities affect how a
person views herself and plays a part in how
hard that person will work to overcome that
disability or in channeling that passion in other
healthy directions.
COMMUNITY

Disabilities affect how a person is viewed by

his community, his family and his friends. A
disability may make others uncertain of how to
approach or interact with the disabled person.
Friendships and other relationships may be a target
for a person already struggling with learning how to
live with his new limitations. This is especially true
if the person with the disability remains angry and
pushes others away instead of allowing them to
assist and “be there” for him.
SOCIAL
EFFECTS

 The person withdrawals from his/her

surroundings
 The personality changes
 Conversations become shorter, less frequent, less natural
and less personal
 The person has become less attentive and/or avoids
social gatherings and noisy surroundings
 Reduced social contact and social and physical activity
 Lack of confidence
 Problems at work
 sexual problems
COMMON PSYCHOLOGICAL
CONSEQUENCES
 Shame
 Guilt

 Anger

 Embarrassment

 Lack of concentration

 Sadness or depression

 Worry and dissatisfaction

 Unease and suspiciousness

 Insecurity

 Self-criticism

 Low confidence
PSYCHO-SOCIAL
PROBLEMS OF PWDS
 Discrimination
 Ignorance

 Shock

 Lack of confidence

 Depression

 Aloof

 Stigma

 Low self esteem

 Anxiety

 Self pity

 Depression

 Insecurity

 Denial/Anger
COMMUNITY

Community is a social group who lives in a

specific geographical area with unity and all
group members usually have same attitude,
values and characteristics.
Society:
A group of individuals is called society.
TYPES OF COMMUNITY

 Ruralcommunity (villages, union council)

 Urban community (city and suburb)
 Regional community
 Nation as community
 World as community
WHO TO GET SUPPORT FROM
COMMUNITY
 By Creating Awareness
 By organizing seminars, workshops, social
activities, use of media, success stories etc
 Information
 Motivation
 Education
 Training
MODE OF COMMUNITY
INVOLVEMENT CONSISTS OF:
 Child
 Parents
 Siblings
 Family
 Society/ Community Professionals
 Physical Environment
 All above are equally important
PARENTS CAN PLAY THEIR
VITAL ROLE IN CHILDREN
 Identification
 Assessment
 Treatment
 Education
 Training
 Programming
 Implementation of program
 Provision of feedback
BENEFITS OF COMMUNITY
INVOLVEMENT

 They better know their local

problems
 More sense of responsibility
 Program maintenance
 Program continuation is more secure
ACTIVITIES CAN BE DONE BY
COMMUNITY FOR PWDS
 To develop and organize supports
activities which promote welfare of PWDs
 To show cooperative behavior/ attitude
 To help the child in difficult task
 To generate donations
 To donate funds
 To have appropriate attitudes towards
pwds
CONT . . . . .
 To implement measures for prevention of
disability
 To protect the legal rights of pwd’s
 To provide home care
 Local trade training
 To provide local employment
COMMUNITY BASED
REHABILITATION
 Concept: ‘’CBR is a strategy for rehabilitation,
equalization of opportunities, poverty reduction
and social inclusion of PWDs,,
 CBR is implemented in more than 90 countries
through the combined efforts of PWDs, their
families and communities.
 CBR is multi- sectoral approach having 5 major
areas:
CONTI . . . .
 Health
 Education
 Livelihood
 Social
 Employment
WHEN CBR WAS STARTED

 It was initiated in early 80s

 In Islam it was introduced in
Hazrat Abu Bakar's region when
Zakat was introduced.
GOALS OF CBR
 To support the PWDs to maximize the potential
 To access regular facilities and opportunities
 To protect the rights of PWDs
 To promote the human rights of PWDs
 Capacity building and empowerment of PWDs
 Useful citizen
 To improve nation economy
 To create awareness in community
WHO INITIATED CBR
 Government agencies
NGOs
Volunteer organization
Local social workers
Organizations of PWDs
MODE OF CBR
Mode of CBR consists of:
 Local community members/ lay
people
 Trained volunteer
 Trained professionals

(they all are equal important)

BENEFITS OF COMMUNITY
INVOLVEMENTS
 Community members have more
sense of responsibility for local
problems
 They better know the local problems
and their solutions
 Program maintenance and
continuation is more secure
HOW TO BRING CHANGE
 Through information
 Motivation
 Education
 Training
 Demonstration
 Experimentation
GROUPING OF SERVICES

 Medical
 Social
 Educational
 Vocational
ACTIVITIES CAN BE DONE BY
COMMUNITY
 To establish welfare organizations for PWDs
 To donate funds

 To have appropriate attitude towards PWDs

 To implement measures to prevent disability

 To provide home care

 To provide local trade training

 To provide local employment

 To raise funding for treatment of PWDs

TYPES OF CBR

 Community involvement
 Simple help
 Service provider non professional
 Extensive coverage
 Low cost
 Minimal result for PWDs
IBR (INDIVIDUAL BASES
REHABILITATION)
 Community not involved
 Sophisticated services
 Professional service provider
 Limited coverage
 High cost
 High quality result for PWDs
TOP DOWN APPROACH
Top-down approach can be started from top to down (from
national level, going down to the community level)
 traditionally involves the definition of communal goals and
their subdivision into specific goals, which are then dealt with
in phases. Top-down planning is an approach that aims to
gradually move from the top to the bottom level of a particular
hierarchy.
Top-down analysis generally refers to using comprehensive
factors as a basis for decision making. The top-down
approach seeks to identify the big picture and all of its
components. These components are usually the driving force
for the end goal. It is commonly associated with the word
"macro“.
BOTTOM UP
APPROACH
Bottom to up (starting the activities at
community level and later involving the district and
national levels).
A bottom-up approach is together of systems
to give rise to more complex systems, thus making the
original systems sub-systems of the developing
system. Bottom-up processing is a type of information
processing based on incoming data from the
environment to form an awareness.
QUESTIONS
?