Palma, Seno & Meliston

Getting to know gases.

Contents

01/ mass of gases

02/ volume of gases
03/ temperature of gases
04/ pressume of gases
 gases
• A gas is a substance that is in a gaseous, or vaporous, state of matter.
• Gas is one of four natural states of matter, along with liquid, solid and plasma.
• A gas has no fixed shape or volume.
• Gases are difficult to observe directly, they are described through the use of four
physical properties or macroscopic characteristics: pressure, volume, number of
particles (chemists group them by moles) and temperature.
 Why are gases important in chemistry?

The study of gases allows us to understand the

behavior of matter at its simplest: individual particles,
acting independently, almost completely
uncomplicated by interactions and interferences
between each other.
01 - Mass of Gases
01/
Mass of Gases
• Does gas have a mass?

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Gas is

one of the states of matter, hence, gases also have mass.
01/
Mass of Gases

• The mass of gas in a one-mole sample is equal to the

molar mass of gas
• The unit that is used to measure the molar mass is
grams per moles (g/mol).
If the molar mass of gas X was 40 g/mol, this means that
the weight of gas X in a one-mole sample is equal to 40
grams.
02 - Volume of Gases
 02/
Volume of Gases
• The volume of gas is defined as the
space occupied by the gaseous
particles at standard temperature
and pressure conditions.
 02/
Volume of Gases

• It is denoted as 'V'.
• The SI unit of volume is 'Litres' denoted as 'L'.
• A mole of gas has a volume of 24 m3 or 24000 cm3 at
room temperature.
03 - Temperature of gases
03/
Temperature of Gases
• A measure of the average translational kinetic energy of the
molecules.
• In a hot gas, the molecules move faster than in a cold gas; the
mass remains the same, but the kinetic energy, and hence the
temperature, is greater because of the increased velocity of
the molecules.
03/
Temperature of Gases

• What is the temperature of gas constant?

T is the temperature, TTPW = 273.16 K by the definition of the

kelvin at that time; Ar(Ar) is the relative atomic mass of argon
and Mu = 10−3 kg⋅mol−1 as defined at the time.
03/
Temperature of Gases

• How do you find the temperature of a gas?

Calculations Using the Ideal Gas Law

• P=nRTV. Calculate volume:
• V=nRTP. Calculate moles:
• n=PVRT. Calculate temperature:
• T=PVnR.
04 - Pressure of Gases
 04/
Pressure of Gases

• The pressure of a gas is then a measure of the

average linear momentum of the moving
molecules of a gas.
• The pressure acts perpendicular (normal) to the
wall; the tangential (shear) component of the
force is related to the viscosity of the gas.
 04/
Pressure of Gases

• The sum of the forces of all the molecules

striking the wall divided by the area of the wall is
defined to be the pressure.
• exAs the gas molecules collide with the walls of a
container, as shown on the left of the figure, the
molecules impart momentum to the walls,
producing a force perpendicular to the wall.
QUIZ!
1. A substance that is in gaseous, or vaporous, state of
matter.
2-5. What are the FOUR physical properties or
marcoscopic characteristics used to describe gases?
6. It is the space occupied by the gaseous particles.
7. what is the unit that is used to measure the molar
mass?
8. It is the sum of the forces of all molecules striking the
wall.
9. The measure of the average translational kinetic
energy of the molecule is called _______.
10.THe mole of gas has a volume of _______ at a room
temperature.
Thank You!

getting to know gases