Module 12:

Hydro-
Meteorological
Hazard (Part 1)
Who was the greatest financier in the Bible?
Answer: Noah, for this reason he was floating his
stock while everyone else was in liquidation.
Anyway, Noah should consider himself
blessed; it's rare that floods of such
magnitude allow so much time to prepare
for a safe escape! That's
because floods are times when land that is
usually dry gets covered with water.
We can never be sure just how much an
area will flood or what type of damage the
flooding will do.
 Flood
defined as any naturally occurring event that
causes a temporary covering of a floodplain.
Flood is considered as a natural movement of
waters along with our rivers, lakes and other bodies
of water.
Floods occur seasonally and usually during heavy
rainfall.
Floodplain
Reasons of Flooding in the Philippines
Pasig River before rehabilitation

Masantol Pampanga during Habagat

1. Urbanization 2. low-lying areas 3. Water pollution

Balili River now

4. Informal settlers 3. Flood control system 6. Climate Change

 Flash Flood “Rapid Flooding”
 Low lying areas are the vulnerable elements to flash floods
 Flash floods may occur due to heavy rains associated with
some other circumstances like release of water from dams,
river overflow, river or lake pollution and others. (collapse
of dams, bridges and the like.)
 In other countries, where there is snow, flash flood may be
caused by the melting of ice or snow.
 Causes of flash floods
• Rapid heavy rains on an area with soil that cannot absorb the
amount of rainwater
• Flash floods may also occur after volcanic eruption due to the
destruction of lava flows, to river banks, dams and others
• In the Philippines, usually in areas where dams are located
(Pangasinan and Bulacan) flash flooding can also be caused by
the release of dam water due to extensive rainfall or dam
overflows
• Structural failure of dams may also lead to release of large
quantities of water without warning
 Flash floods Safety
Avoid constructing house and structures in flooded
areas
Do not cross rivers even if the water looks small or
shallow
Never drive through flooded highways or streets
especially those where water flows like bridges and
rivers
Immediately proceed to higher ground
What is the difference
between flood and
flash flood?
 Storm Surge
 It is a kind of coastal flooding
which is associated with typhoon
 Its severity depends upon the
location of the body of water,
storm path and timing of tides
 A storm surge is an entry of sea Storm Surge during Typhoon
or lake water pushed ashore by Haiyan Yolanda, Eastern Samar,
the strong winds in a storm 2013
 Storm Tide
 The water level in the sea during a storm is
called storm tide.
 Combination of storm surge and normal tide.
 It must be expected that on top of the storm
tide are pounding waves pushed by powerful
winds.
 In storm tide, waters are pushed several
kilometres in low lying areas and flooding may
extend along the seashore. Like storm surge,
storm tide can tear down buildings and wash
away roads.
 Typhoon Signals in the Philippines
Public Storm Warning signal Public Storm Warning signal
no: 1 no: 2
A 60 to 100 kph may be
For meteorological
expected in the least 24 hours.
conditions, a tropical cyclone
The impact of the wind may
will affect the locality. A 30
result to big trees such as
to 60 kph wind is also
coconut trees to be uprooted,
expected in the area. In the
banana plants to be downed,
least 36 hours, discontinuous
and rice and corn are also
rain may be expected.
affected.
 Typhoon Signals in the Philippines
Public Storm Warning signal Public Storm Warning signal
no: 3 no: 4

100 kph to 185 kph of winds A Super Typhoon will affect

may be expected in at least
18 hours. The impact of the
wind may cause a large
number of big trees to be
destroyed or uprooted.
the area.
Very strong winds of more
than 220 kph may be
expected in at least 12
hours.
 Walang Pasok

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