Module 8: Introduction to ICT

ICT - Information and Communication Technology

Components of ICT
 People – these are the individuals that create and design both hardware and
software as well as determine the procedures and monitor compliance.
 Printing press - provided a line of communication between all of society, and
eventually books.
 Internet – One of the most important enabling technologies, the World Wide
Web has transformed the way society interacts with one another.
 Hardware – these are the physical and tangible components of a system, to
include all the following: modems, computers, and other technical components
 Module 9: ICT and everyday life
The usage of ICT in everyday life
 EDUCATION – Schools use a diverse set of ICT tools to communicate, create, disseminate, store,
and manage information.
 BANKING - Every time you use an Automated Teller Machine (ATM), your identification details
recorded in the magnetic strip of your ATM card are transmitted to the bank for verification,
after the process, a go signal is sent back to the machine so that you will be able to withdraw
money.
 INDUSTRY - Computers are used to facilitate production planning and control systems, to
support chain management and to help in product design in the industrial sector. In the
industrial sector, workers, researchers and administrators benefits from the usage of ICT.
 E-COMMERCE - helps in boosting the economy. It makes buying and selling activities easier,
more efficient and faster. For this application, computers, Internet and shared software are
needed. In the e-commerce sector, customers, suppliers and employees benefit from the usage
of ICT.
 Module 10:
Foundation and Features of
Democracy
 Greek words
Demos means “the
common people”
kratos means
“rule/power”.

Democracy means rule

of common people.
 Definition

pertains to the
form of
government in
which the people's
power is exercised
directly or
indirectly.
Direct democracy
is the form of
government where
people decide on
various policies without
any representatives;
people hold power and
the authority to
Indirect
democracies also
known as
"representative
democracies", some
people are elected to
represent the rest of
the citizens.
Five Criteria that should be in
place for the democratic
process to commence (Robert
Dahl)
1. The People or the “demos”
All adult members should
participate in the electoral
processes, except those
proven to have mental
deficiencies
2. Control of the agenda
The citizens must have
the exclusive opportunity
to decide how matters
are to be placed on the
agenda for discussion
and deliberation, and
ultimately voting.
3. Enlightened
understanding
The citizen ought to have
adequate information to
make a choice on what
would best serve
community and society.
i. e: Have transparent
info on government
projects.
4. Effective participation
The citizen can be
rallied and mobilized to
make their preferences
realized through direct
participation in the
social and political life
of the society
5. Equality in the voting
process
Each citizen must be
able to render a vote
that will be counted as
equal in weight to the
choice expressed by
any other citizen
Constitutional Democracy vs. Monitory Democracy
A constitutional democracy is a system of
government based on popular sovereignty in which
the structures, powers, and limits of government
are set forth in a constitution.
 Sovereignty is the legitimate and ultimate
authority over political unit.
 States is a political unit that has a sovereignty
over an area of territory and the people within it.
 Monitory Democracy
Political scientist John Keane suggests
that a new form of democracy is evolving
in which government is constantly
monitored in its exercise of power by a
vast array of public and private agencies,
commissions and regulatory mechanisms
Human Rights
refer to the fundamental Right to security
freedoms that all human from harm - you
have a right to not
beings are entitled to,
live in fear that
including the right to someone will hurt
security from harm, legal you
equality, political
participation, and the
right to liberty.
Regard for Human Rights and Fundamental
Freedoms
After World War II, a more profound elaboration
of the concept of human rights led the international
community to adopt the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights. This was followed by many other
international agreements and covenants on specific
freedoms; and compelling states to uphold, protect,
and promote such rights.
 Module 11: The
Practice of Democracy
in the Philippines
 March 12, 1897
“Tejeros assembly”
Purpose: Election
Place: General Trias, Cavite
Two faction: Magdiwang (Cavite Org.)
and Magdalo (Manila org.)
 Aspiring for President During
Tajeros Assembly

Emilio Aguinaldo Mariano Trias

Andres Bonifacio
(Magdalo Faction) (Magdiwang) (Katipunan Supreme
council Magdiwang
Ally)
Sept. 15, 1898
“Drafting of Malolos Constitution”

Three Branches of Malolos Constitution

Executive Branch: President, and President have
Departmental Secretaries
Legislative Branch: Prime Minister
Judiciary Branch: President of Supreme Court
Jan. 20, 1899
“Birth of First Republic in ASIA
- The Philippine
Republic
- Separation of the
Church and State

President Prime Minister

Emilio Aguinaldo Apolinario Mabini
May 14, 1935
“The 1935 Constitution”
- The system called for a President to be
elected at large for a 4-year term (subject
to one re-election), a bicameral Congress,
and an independent Judiciary.
- Bicameralism: Type of Legislature
divided in two, Senate and a House of
Representatives
July 4, 1946
“US granted Philippine Independence Day”
- United State of America granted
Independence day to the
Philippines
- In accordance to Tydings-McDuffie
Act
- U.S Pres. Harry S. Trauman
May 12, 1962
“Philippine issued Independence Day”
- President Diosdado Macapagal
issued Presidential Proclamation
no. 28 which declared June 12
a special public holiday
throughout the Philippines
Ferdinand Marcos Sr. Regime (1965-1986)
“Parliamentary Government”
- The final draft was adopted by the
Convention on November 29, 1972
“modified parliamentary form"

- Congress was abolished and was

replaced by an elected unicameral
National Assembly, known as
Batasang Pambansa.
The 1987 Constitution
“Democratic and Republican Government”
Three Branches
- Executive: President and Vice President
- Legislative: Senators and House of
Representatives
- Judiciary: Supreme Courts and lower courts
Module 12: Globalization
Differences:
 Globalization
 Internationalization
 Westernization
Globalization Internationalization Westernization
the speed up of describes is a process whereby
movements and societies come under
exchanges of human designing a
product in a way or adopt western
resources, goods and
services capital, culture in areas such
that it may readily as industry,
technologies and cultural
practices between consumed across technology, politics,
countries in the world. multiple countries. economics, lifestyle,
law, norms, mores,
customs and
traditions.
Examples of globalization:
 Cultural globalization
refers to the interpenetration of cultures which,
as a consequence, the nations adopt principles,
beliefs, and costumes of other nations, losing
their unique culture.

Acculturation
Xenocentrism
  Sociological globalization
the integration of different cultures of different
societies become possible. (ie Japan)

Cultural Sociological
globalization globalization
nations adopt principles, integration of different
beliefs, and costumes of cultures of different
other nations, losing their societies become possible
unique culture.
 Technological globalization
the phenomenon by which millions of
people are interconnected because of the
power of the digital world via platforms
such as Facebook, Instagram, Skype or
Youtube.
 Geographic globalization:
Geo-earth
write about the earth
graphos-write about
- study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and
phenomena of earth.
- is the new organization and hierarchy of
different regions of the world that is constantly
changing with transportation, flying made so
easy and affordable.
 Financial globalization:
can be linked with the rise of a global
financial system with international financial
exchanges and monetary exchanges.
Types of Financial Exchange/Markets
1. Stock Market – trades of ownership of public companies (ie
ABS-CBN)
2. Bond Markets – offers opportunities for companies and
government to secure money to finance a project or
investment. (Shark Tank TV show)
3. Commodities Market – where traders and
investors buy and sell natural resources or
commodities such as corn, oil, meat and gold.
4. Derivatives market – such as market
involves derivatives or contracts whose value
is based on the market of the asset being
traded.
 Ecological globalization:
-accounts for the idea of
considering planet Earth as a
single global entity
- All societies should protect
since the weather affects
everyone and we are all
protected by the same
atmosphere.
Characteristics of Globalization
According to Held and McGrew (2002) a
Globalization has several distinguishing
characteristics.
1. Creation and Multiplication of connections:
development and increasing social network and
cultural activities that led to the breaking of
traditional norms and practices in the political,
economic and cultural realisms of most
communities.
2. Expansion and Stretching of connections:
social operations and corrections on how the
financial markets and trading operate around
the globe like the operations of Economic
Organizations like of WTO ASEAN Economic
Community, World Economic Forum and
European Union that brought expansions
throughout the world.
3. Intensification and Acceleration of
connections:
human activities where it describes how
the process of world and individual
connection works. The fourth Industrial
Revolution is a concrete example where
Digital machines widely used in reaching
every global events.
4. Consciousness and awareness of
connections:
the people as the primary actors of
globalization is very important on how
they impact the growing outcomes and
markers in globalization specially the
implications of their actions to the
norms and practices of borderless
world.
1. Creation and 2. Expansion and
Multiplication of Stretching of connections:
connections: financial markets and
increasing social network trading operate around the
and cultural activities globe
3. Intensification and 4. Consciousness and
Acceleration of awareness of connections:
connections: the people as the primary
fourth Industrial Revolution actors of globalization
is a concrete example where
Digital machines